Gungwa reWeddell chikamu cheArctic Ocean. pamusoro payo inenge mamiriyoni 2,8 square kilometers. Miganhu yaro inotaridzwa neAntarctic Peninsula kumadokero, dunhu reCotsland kumabvazuva, uye Ferchner-Rohn Ice Shelf kumaodzanyemba. Mhiri kweCape Norway kumabvazuva, mvura dzayo dzinosangana nedziya dzegungwa reKing Haakon VII.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza pamusoro pezvinhu zvikuru zveGungwa reWeddell, kwaro, maruva nemhuka.
Mhando huru
Ndiyo imwe yemakungwa makuru uye anozivikanwa zvikuru ari kumaodzanyemba kwepasi, achigeza chikamu chemahombekombe eAntarctica. Inowanikwa zvishoma pa 73 degrees south latitude uye 45 degrees west longitude, uye yakaganhurwa neAntarctic Peninsula kumadokero, Coast Land kumabvazuva, uye Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf kumaodzanyemba. Iyo ine nzvimbo inosvika 2,8 miriyoni mativi emakiromita uye inoyera anenge 2.000 makiromita pakufara kwayo. Yakatumidzwa zita remutyairi wengarava James Weddell, aive mumwe wevakatanga kupinda muchikepe chebrigantine.
Vatsvakurudzi vezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe vakazviona segungwa rinonyengera, rakaparadzwa nemhepo ine simba uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakapindirwa nemazaya echando asingaverengeki. Kutenderera kweWeddell ndiko kutenderera kwegungwa kunofamba ichienda kune wachi yakagadzirwa nekudyidzana kweAntarctic Circumpolar Current uye Antarctic continental sherufu.
Chokwadi uye kwakabva pamusoro peGungwa reWeddell
Mvura zhinji inotonhora pasi pepasi pepasi pegungwa inobva muGungwa reWeddell, iro mvura ine hombe kwazvo paPasi uye inoita kuti thermohaline ifambe. Ikoko, nzvimbo yaro inotonhora kusvika -1,9 ºC, uye ipapo mvura idzi dzinonyura, nokudaro dzichigadzira ikozvino inoyerera kune yakawanda yenyika; inotanga ichitonhorera, ichidziya zvishoma pedyo neKamchatka, uye kubva ipapo ichienda kuPacific Ocean Imwe yacho inofamba, kune rimwe divi, uye pakati pezvitsuwa zvekumadokero kwePacific kune rimwe, ichipfuura nekumaodzanyemba kweAfrica, kuCaribbean, uye kupinda muPeninsula. Iberian, kusvika tembiricha yakaderera muArctic yadzoka uye inotanga kutenderera yakananga kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere.
Ice floes inowanzoitika muchando kupfuura zhizha, asi mamiriro ekunze nemvura anowanzo hutsinye.
Munguva yeCarboniferous nguva, Gondwana yekumabvazuva, iyo inoumbwa neava kunzi Australia, Antarctica, neIndia, yakatanga kufamba yakananga kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere. Munguva yeJurassic, tectonic process kumaodzanyemba kweSouth America yakagadzira mabheseni eRocas Verdes neMar de Weddell. Saizvozvo, kupatsanurwa kweGondwana kwakaitika mune yava kunzi Gungwa reWeddell.
Mukutanga kweCenozoic, Australia yakabuda kubva kuAntarctica ndokuenda kuchamhembe, nepo iyo yekupedzisira yakatanga kuenderera mberi ichienda kumaodzanyemba, ichiwedzera kuparadzaniswa kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Anenge mamiriyoni makumi maviri nematatu emakore apfuura, Drake Passage yakavhurwa pakati peSouth America neAntarctica uye yakanga yakakomberedzwa nemvura. Panguva iyoyo yakanga yatofukidzwa nechando.
Climate
Pamusoro pelatitude, hukuru hwemhepo inotonhora yakasimba inovhuvhuta ichibva kumaodzanyemba ichienda kuchamhembe yakatarisana nemakomo akamanikana uye anoyevedza eAntarctic Peninsula ndeimwe yeanonyanya kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze edunhu rekumadokero kweGungwa reWeddell.
Mhepo idzi hadzingokanganisa tembiricha chete, asi dzinomanikidzawo aizi kuti ikukure kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kuSouth Atlantic. Mhepo, tembiricha uye mazaya echando zvinonyanya kutaurwa kudivi rekumabvazuva kweAntarctic Peninsula pane kumadokero.
Mapoka makuru emawhale uye zvisimbiso anogara muGungwa reWeddell. Pakati pezvipenyu zvinogara mumvura idzi pane mhando dzakadai seWeddell seals, humpback whales, minke whales, leopard seals, crabeater seals uye akasiyana anouraya whale.
Iyo Adélie penguin ndiyo inotonga mhando dzepenguin munzvimbo iyi iri kure nekuda kwekugona kwayo kujairana nenzvimbo dzakaoma. Boka gurusa (rinenge 10.000 XNUMX pairs) rinowanikwa paPaulette Island.
Weddell Sea Biodiversity
Kunyangwe nekugara kwakaoma kwezvisikwa zvakajairika, Gungwa reWeddell inzvimbo ine kugadzirwa kwakanyanya kwehupenyu hwemugungwa hunotonhora. Antarctic krill (Euphasia superba) ndiyo hwaro hwezvipfuyo uye chikamu chakakosha checheni yechikafu mudunhu, sezvo ichidyiswa nemhando dzinoumba zvimwe zvekudya. Pakati pemhuka dzinogara mugungwa kune marudzi anopfuura mazana maviri ehove dzakadai seAntarctic herring (Notothenioidei), Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) uye Antarctic cod (Dissostichus mawsoni). Dzimwe hove dziri mugungwa ihove dziri munyanza yegungwa dzinopenya dzemhuri dzeGonostomatidae, barracuda, uye lantern.
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), southern right whales (Eubalaena australis), minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx), uye crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus) inowanzoonekwa mumvura, asi inogona kunge iri yemifananidzo yakawanda. Mhuka yeWeddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) imhuka yemugungwa inokwanisa kunyura zvinoyevedza kusvika pakadzika 700 metres. Besides of Antarctic cod nedzimwe cod, zvakare inodya squid.
Icebergs nemhenderekedzo dzegungwa ndidzo kumba kwaMambo Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), Chinstrap Penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus), Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) uye Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), nepo petrels achishanyira nzvimbo dzine matombo.
Zvinotyisa
Nekuda kwenzvimbo yaro iri kure, Gungwa reWeddell harina kukanganiswa nebudiriro yeindasitiri nemhenderekedzo yegungwa inokanganisa makungwa epasirese, asi zvakare haina kudzivirirwa nekutyisidzirwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kunyanya izvo zvinobva mumabasa evanhu. zvine ngozi zvikuru kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuva neacidification kunotevera kwemakungwa, uko kunochinja kemikari yemvura, zvichiita kuti mateko ane calcareous kana mapfupa emhuka apfave kana kumira kukura.
Kuredza pasi ibasa richangoburwa, asi rinotyirwa kuti richawedzera mune ramangwana, saka zviwanikwa zvichawedzerwa. Uyezve, kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kuparadza nzvimbo dzinogara mhuka dzakawanda uye kuita kuti gungwa rive nzvimbo ine dambudziko.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveGungwa reWeddell uye maitiro aro.