ari Voyager probes inguva inoshamisa pakuongorora muchadenga uye inomiririra mamwe emabasa makuru esayenzi evanhu. Zvikepe zvemuchadenga izvi, zvinozivikanwa seVoyager 1 neVoyager 2, zvakaparurwa neNASA muna 1977 nechinangwa chekudzidza nezvemapuraneti ekunze kwesolar system yedu.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza nezve hunhu, kukosha uye maitiro eiyo Voyager probes.
Voyager probes
Yakatangwa kubva kuNASA's Kennedy Space Center muCape Canaveral, Florida, Voyager 1 inzvimbo isina munhu inoferefeta iyo yakabva pachinangwa chayo munaGunyana 5, 1977 kuburikidza neroketi yeTitan IIIE. Inoramba ichishanda uye parizvino iri munzira kuenda kumacheto ekunze kwesolar system. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuongorora uye kuongorora idzi nzvimbo dzisina kuongororwa dzemuchadenga.
Chinangwa chikuru cherwendo rwekutanga rweVoyager 1 chaive chekuongorora Jupiter neSaturn, vachitora mukana wenzvimbo yavo uye nekushandisa hunyanzvi hwekusimudzira giravhiti. Iyi nzira yakabvumira basa rekuongorora mapuraneti akawanda, zvichikonzera mutengo wakakosha uye kuchengetedza nguva yeprojekti.
Voyager 1, kunyange zvazvo yakatangwa mushure memapatya ayo, Voyager 2, yakanga ine mission trajectory ine high velocity, izvo zvakamubvumira kusvika kuJupiter kare. Mapikicha ayo ekutanga eJupiter akatorwa muna Ndira 1979, uye nzira yayo yepedyo yakawanikwa munaKurume 5, 1979, apo yaingova 278 km kure. Mukufamba kwebasa rayo kuJupiter, rakatora mifananidzo inosvika zviuru gumi nezvipfumbamwe munguva inopera muna Kubvumbi.
Voyager probe results
Somugumisiro wokuva pedyo kwechitundumusere kumwedzi, Jupiter yakakwanisa kuona kuputika kwemakomo kunze kwepasi redu kekutanga. Kuwanikwa uku kwakaitwa mushure mekuongorora mufananidzo uyo zvakatorwa maawa akati wandei mushure mekubhururuka, izvo zvanga zvisingagoneke kuna Pioneer 10 na11. Zvakawanda zvakacherechedzwa zveJupiter's magnetic field, mwedzi, radiation mamiriro, uye zvindori zvakatorwa mukati me48-awa nguva yakatarwa nekuda kwechisarudzo chikuru chinogoneka kubva mukutarisisa uku.
Mushure mekusundwa nekukwezva kweJupiter, muna Mbudzi 12, 1980, yakabudirira kusvika paSaturn, ichiswedera pedyo ne124 km kubva pasi. Munguva yerwendo rwake, akaunganidza data rakakosha pa mhepo yeSaturn nemwedzi wayo mukuru, Titan, chete 6.500 km kubva kune yekupedzisira. Pamusoro pezvo, akawanawo zvimiro zvakaomarara mukati megadziriro yemhete yepasi.
Mushure mekusimbisa kuvepo kwemhepo paTitan, vashandi vaitungamira Voyager 1 mishoni vakaita sarudzo yekutsausa nzira yavo kuenda kune iyi setiraiti. Izvi zvaireva kushaikwa kwezvikamu zvinotevera zvemishoni kuUranus neNeptune, izvo zvakazoongororwa neVoyager 2. Kubhururuka kwechipiri kweTitan kwakaguma nekuwedzera kwesimba rinokweva remuferefeta, zvichiita kuti ikukurwe ichibuda mundege. . basa rake repasi.
Hunhu hwezvose
Nekumhanya kwe17 km pasekondi, Voyager 1 ndiyo pasina kupokana chinhu chiri kure-kure-chakagadzirwa nemunhu kubva kuPasi, uye kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 17, 2010, yakanyorwa kuve 17,1 miriyoni km kubva kuzuva.
Kufanana nemumwe wayo, Voyager 2, Voyager 1 inosvika 3,35 metres kureba. Zvizhinji zvezvikamu zvayo zvemagetsi zvakachengetwa mukati mechitundumuseremusere. Iri pamusoro pepakati pemuviri wemudziyo ndeye 3,7 metres Cassegrain reflector, iyo inoshanda seyakakwira kuwana antenna. Pamusoro pezvo, mapuratifomu mana anotambanuka kubva kumativi emuchadenga.
Voyager 1 spacecraft, iyo inofamba chinhambwe chikuru kubva kuZuva, inovimba nemajenareta matatu eradioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTGs) nekuda kwesimba rayo. Majenareta aya anoshandura kupisa kubva pakuparara kweplutonium kuva magetsi, anokwanisa kugadzira kusvika ku475 W. yesimba remagetsi. Kusiyana nemamwe ma interplanetary probes anoshandisa solar panels, Voyager 1 inofambiswa nemajenareta aya.
Kune rimwe divi, Voyager 2 inomira pachena nekuda kwekusimba kwayo. Kunyangwe yave ichishanda kweanopfuura makumi mana emakore, iyo probe inoramba ichidzoreredza data rakakosha kubva kumipendero yesolar system yedu. Simba rayo uye kukwanisa kutsungirira mamiriro akaoma enzvimbo yakadzika uchapupu hwehuinjiniya hwemazuva ano uye kunyatsotarisirwa kwakapinda mukuigadzira.
Yakashongedzwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemazuva ano zvesainzi zviridzwa, Voyager 2 yakapa ruzivo rwusati rwamboitika pamusoro pemapuraneti makuru ari kunze kwesolar system. Pabhodhi pane "rekodhi regoridhe" rinozivikanwa se "Earth Sound Record". Iri dhisiki rine kusarudzwa kwemanzwi nemimhanzi kubva pasi redu, pamwe chete nemifananidzo nemashoko mumitauro yakasiyana-siyana, inotarisirwa kutaurira kusiyana-siyana uye hupenyu hwePasi kune chero hungwaru mafomu ehupenyu angasangana nawo parwendo rwayo rurefu nePasi.
Pakumhanya, inodarika Voyager 1. Painodzika kubva paNyika, yakakwanisa kukunda miganhu yesolar system yedu uye kupinda munzvimbo yepakati penyeredzi, ichingova chechipiri chitundumuseremusere kuita izvi mushure memupatya wayo, Voyager 1. Izvi zvinoshamisa zvakabvumira masayendisiti kudzidza mamiriro ekunze kwenharaunda yedu yenyeredzi uye kuwana ruzivo rwakakosha muheliopause, nharaunda inosangana nemhepo yezuva. pakati.
Mission yakarebeswa
Musi waApril 8, 2011, Voyager 1 yakanga yafamba makiromita 17.490 bhiriyoni kubva kuZuva, kusvika panzvimbo inozivikanwa seHeliopause. Uyu ndiwo muganho apo simba reZuva rinotanga kudzikira uye nzvimbo yenyeredzi iri mhiri inotanga kubata. Munharaunda iyi yakakura, migumisiro yemwaranzi inobva kumitumbi yomudenga iri kure inonzwika zvikuru.
Kusvika iye zvino, hapana imwe probe yakatangwa yakakwanisa kukunda Voyager 1. Sekureva kwevanodzora mishoni, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana spacecraft ikaramba ichishanda ichiyambuka heliopause, iyo inoratidza kubuda kwayo kubva kune yedu solar system, chinova chinhu chekutanga kugadzirwa nemunhu kupinda muchadenga chenyeredzi. Ichi chiitiko chenhoroondo chichabvumira masayendisiti kuyera zvakananga mamiriro epakati penyeredzi, izvo zvinogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvekwakabva uye hunhu hwechadenga.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Voyager probes uye maitiro avo.