Kana isu tichitarisa pamepu yekubatanidza isu tinoona kuti pane hurongwa hwekuisa aya marongero. Iyo system inoenderana nekartographic yekufungidzira uye ayo mayuniti ari mamita pagungwa. Ari mafoni UTM inoratidzira. Iyi ndiyo hwaro hwereferensi system. Pachirungu mazita aya anoreva Universal Transversal Mercator. Iyo ine akasiyana siyana mashandisiro uye hunhu isu isu tichaona mune ino chinyorwa.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro pemaonero eUTM, hunhu hwavo uye kukosha kwavo, iyi ndiyo posvo yako.
Mhando huru
Kana isu tichitaura nezve UTM yekuronga system isu tiri kureva sisitimu inoenderana nekartographic yekuratidzira iyo zvikamu zviri mamita pagungwa. Pakati pehunhu hukuru hwatinoona kuti ihwo humbowo hwemakona. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inofungidzirwa pasi rese pasirinda yepamusoro. Ichowo chiono chinotenderera. Iyo akabatana yesirinda inoenderana neiyo equatorial axis. Saka, kukosha kwemakona kunochengetedzwa kumisikidza iko kunyatso kujeka kana uchiverenga nzvimbo nenzvimbo.
Zvakanakira iyo system ino pamusoro pevamwe zvinotevera:
- Kufanana uye meridians zvinomiririrwa nemitsetse inogadzira gridhi. Nenzira iyi, kunyatsoita zviri nani kunowanikwa kana uchiverenga madaro kana kuona panowanikwa imwe pfungwa pamepu.
- Kureba kuri nyore kuyera pane imwe nzira yekubatanidza.
- Chimiro chemamiriro epasi chinochengeterwa nzvimbo diki. Aya ndiwo maitiro atinogona kuziva zororo uye mhando yenzvimbo dziripo mundima.
- Mabheyari uye madhairekitori ari nyore kumaka. Kutenda kuhurongwa uhu, munhu anogona kumisa nzira dzakasiyana, mbiri gungwa nemhepo.
Asi sezvaungatarisira, masisitimu ese ane zvimwe zvinokanganisa. Ngatione kuti ndeapi matambudziko akasiyana ehurongwa hweUTM:
- Iwo madaro anowanzo kuwedzerwa apo isu tichienda kure kubva kunongedzo yekukwirana kwenzvimbo uye humburumbira. Iyi nhambwe iri munzira yakanangana nesirinda.
- Kudzidziswa kwakadai kwakanyanya kukosha kumatunhu akakwirira. Naizvozvo, tinoona kuti mushonga unodzikira patinoenda kunzvimbo dzakakwirira.
- Panzvimbo dzakasiyana kwete muchikamu chakamisikidzwa pakati penzvimbo.
- Nzvimbo dzine polar hadzina kumiririrwa. Ramba uchifunga kuti nzvimbo idzi dzakakoshawo kunzvimbo dzakasiyana
UTM inogadzirisa uye nzvimbo
Kugadzirisa dambudziko rese rekushomeka kwekuratidzira kweUTM kuronga mepu, chokurukisa chinounzwa kupatsanura nzvimbo yepasi. Iyo yese nzvimbo yakapatsanurwa kuita makumi matanhatu spindles kana nzvimbo dze60 degrees muhurefu, zvichikonzera makumi matanhatu akaenzana fungidziro neayo akakosha epakati meridhi. Tiri kuyedza kukamura chokurukisa chimwe nechimwe sekunge chidimbu cheoranjisi.
Kuti usimbise chikamu chiri nani cheshinda, vanoverengwa 1 kusvika 60 kutanga kubva kuGreenwich meridian kumabvazuva. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chakakamurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakatumidzwa nemavara makuru. Inoteera kunongedzera kubva kumaodzanyemba kuenda kuchamhembe uye inotanga nemavara C uye inopera nebhi X. Kuti isavhiringidzika, hapana mavhawero netsamba dzangu zvinogona kuvhiringidzwa nenhamba.
Nzvimbo yega yega yeUTM inoratidzira nzvimbo inoratidzwa zvakanaka nenhamba yenhamba uye tsamba yenzvimbo. Iyi nzvimbo inoumbwa nematunhu emakona ane chinhambwe chemakiromita zana kudivi. Maitiro eaya maratidziro anogara akanaka kuitira kuti asazokanganisa vaverengi. Iwo maCartesian axes X uye Y akasimbiswa pane chokurukisa, iyo X axis iri equator uye Y axis iyo meridian.
Tichaisa muenzaniso weUTM maratidziro enzvimbo yeKanzuru yeGuta reA Coruña. Iyo 29T 548929 4801142, uko 29 inoratidza nzvimbo yeUTM, T iyo UTM bhendi, iyo nhamba yekutanga (548929) ndiyo nhambwe mumamita kuenda kuEast uye nhamba yechipiri (4801142) ndiyo nhambwe iri mumamita kuchamhembe. Iyi geographic coordinate system inoshandiswa kwese kwese kureva chero nzvimbo iri pamusoro penyika. Aya ndiwo maitiro aunogona kuwana nyore nyore chero nzvimbo yepasi. Kutenda kune ino kuronga system hunhu hunogona kuiswa mumapurogiramu akasiyana emakomputa kumisikidza zviyero nenzira kwayo.
Kufungidzira kwe UTM zvinongedzo
Zvirongwa zvinoshandiswa kumiririra chinhu mundege. Pano zvakare, kushandiswa kunoitwa nemajometri uye iyo Cartesian axis. Chishandiswa chimwe nechimwe chine longitude yemadhigirii matanhatu uye pane yepakati meridian pa6 degrees longitude inoipatsanura kuita zvikamu zviviri zvakaenzana uye inoshandiswa kuratidzira kweUTM. Kuti ive nekururama kukuru, tinoziva kuti dunhu rega rega rakakamurwa neyakafanana nekwakatangira muEquator. Izvi zvinoenderana nekwakatangira zvinozvipatsanura kuita zvikamu zviviri zvakaenzana zvichienderana nemahemispheres. Tinoziva kuti yedu nyika isu tine yekuchamhembe hemisphere uye yekumaodzanyemba hemisphere yakakamurwa neiyo equator mutsara.
Iyi meridian yepakati neEquator ndiyo inosimudza matemo maviri eCartesian pane chokurukisa kuti aise poindi pasi payo yese. Kana tichida kufungidzira zvese izvi tiri mundege tinoona kuti yepakati meridian yenzvimbo iyi iX axis nepo Equator iri axis Y. Naizvozvo, X axis ichave nekwakatangira mukati meridhi yepakati uye ine kukosha 500000. Ukoshi uhwu hunodzikira patinoenda kumadokero uye hunowedzera patinoenda kumabvazuva. Nenzira iyi, aya maitiro akagadzwa kuti agone kugara aine hunhu hwakanaka hweiyo X axis.
Iyo Y axis yakatangira muEcuador asi inozviita neimwe nzira. Kusiyana neimwe axis, kuchamhembe hemisphere yeEquator ichave iine kukosha 0 iyo inowedzera yakananga kuchamhembe kudzamara yasvika kukosha 10000000 kuNorth Pole. Kune rimwe divi, iyo yekumaodzanyemba hemisphere ichave iine kukosha kwe10000000 uye ichakura yakananga kumaodzanyemba kudzamara yasvika kukosha 0 kuchamhembe pole. Aya maitiro akaiswa seizvi kuti agare aine yakanaka Y-axis tsika.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve UTM zvinongedzo uye hunhu hwavo.