Troposphere

Mukati me zvidimbu zvemuchadenga tine yepasi pasi ndipo patinogara uye inozivikanwa nezita rekuti troposphere. Dzinotambanuka kubva pamusoro penyika kusvika panotangira stratosphere, ino iri iri rukoko panowanikwa ozone rukoko. Iyo troposphere inosanganisira mweya watinofema uye ese mamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze epasi. Neichi chikonzero, chazove chimwe chezvakakosha zvidimbu zvemweya wepasi.

Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu uye kukosha kwetroposphere.

Mhando huru

Kana isu tichidzika nemugwagwa uye isu tinonzwa mhepo kumeso kwedu kana isu tichiona makore mudenga, shiri dzinobhururuka, zvese izvi zvikamu ndezve troposphere. Inozivikanwa kunyanya nekuderera kwetembiricha sezvo kukwirira kuri kuwedzera. Imwe nguva isu patinokwira mukukwirira tinoderedza tembiricha nekuti mwenje wezuva unowira pasi hauchashanda semutongi wekushisa. Kune ese zviuru zvemamirioni tembiricha inowedzera 6.5 madhigirii.

Mhepo iri mu troposphere inova isina kuunyana sekukwira kunowedzera. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei vanokwidza makomo vachiwanzoshandisa okisijeni yakabhoderedzwa kuvabatsira kufema. Rukoko urwu rwakareba makiromita masere kusvika gumi nemasere zvichienderana nenzvimbo yatiri. Iyo yakatetepa munzvimbo dzedanda rekuchamhembe uye dondo rekumaodzanyemba uye chikamu chakapamhama chinogona kuwanikwa muchikamu cheEquator.

Iyo dura ipapo ipapo pamusoro petroposphere ndiyo stratosphere. Muganhu uri pakati pezvikamu zviviri unozivikanwa nezita rekuti tropopause. Mu stratosphere mune ozone layer inotidzivirira kubva kune inokuvadza yezuva ultraviolet mwaranzi uye inodzivirira ganda redu. Mhepo yakanyanyisa uye iyo troposphere kupfuura chero imwe denderedzwa remuchadenga. Muchokwadi, zvinozivikanwa izvo iyo troposphere inomiririra 80% yehukuru hwenzvimbo yese. Kana pamusoro pegore panguva yemhepo inovhuvhuta ikaita chimiro cheanvil, zvinowanzoitika nekuti iyo yekuvandudza mudutu yatove yasvika patopopause. Munzvimbo yekumira, mhepo yepakati inodziya kupfuura dutu uye nekudaro inomira kusimuka.

Kuumbwa kwemhepo mune ino dura Inoumbwa ne 78% nitrogen uye 21% okisijeni. Iyo yakasara 1% inoumbwa neArgon, mvura mhute, uye kabhoni dhayokisaidhi. Carbon dioxide inozivikanwa kunge yakawedzera muchiyero pamusoro pemakore nekuda kwekuburitswa nevanhu. Chikamu chepasi che troposphere, ino iri nzvimbo iri padyo nepasi pevhu, inonzi muganho wedenga.

Musiyano uripo pakati pe stratosphere uye troposphere

Chekutanga pane zvese, tarisa kuti mhepo ine mhepo yakaturikidzana. Iyo yakaderera ndiyo troposphere uye pamusoro payo chete ndiyo stratosphere. Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana, vanofanirwa kuverengerwa sematanho akasiyana. Uye ndeyekuti yega yega ine akasiyana maitiro uye mamiriro ekunze. Iyo kumanikidza kwemhepo, tembiricha, tembiricha gradient, kumhanya kwemhepo, uye mhepo nzira ivo vakasiyana mumakamera ese ari maviri.

Muganhu wezvibvumirano zvichave uye iyo troposphere inonzi tropopause uye haisi nzvimbo inogara iripo. Inowanzo kuwanikwa pamatanho emakiromita masere kusvika gumi nemasere kubva pagungwa uye isotherm Izvi zvinoreva kuti inzvimbo iyo tembiricha yakagadzikana. Maitiro emamiriro ekunze sekuziva kwedu zuva rinoitika mu troposphere sezvo mweya padhuze nepasi uchidziya kupfuura mweya uri kumatunhu akakwirira. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti ivhu rinotora kupisa kwezuva kubva pakupenya. Neiyi yakaipa tembiricha gradient zvine chekuita nekukwira, mweya unopisa unokwanisa kusimuka uye kugadzira convection yazvino. Aya convection currents ndiwo anoburitsa mweya uye makore ehurumende.

Pane zvinopesana, mu stratosphere iyo ozone layer iri mukutarisira kwekutora masikati masikati ezuva kubva pakupisa pasi. Pano tembiricha inowedzera nekukwirira. Iyo stratosphere inenge makumi mashanu emakiromita kumusoro. Tichifunga nezvekuti hunodziya hwemhando yemhepo hunyoro hunowanzo kukwira uye mweya unotonhorera unodzika, mhepo uye kunaya kwemvura kunoisa mu troposphere uye kwete mu stratosphere. Mune ino dura, mamiriro akasimba sezvo kumanikidza kwemhepo kuri pasi zvakanyanya uye mweya unodziya unodzivirira kuumbwa kwemhepo inoyerera. Iko hakuna chaiko kusagadzikana uye mhepo dzakadzikama. Iyo inovhuvhuta munzira yakagadzikana uye yakatwasuka, uye nekudaro ndege dzekutengesa dzinobhururuka mu stratosphere yepazasi kunzvenga kusagadzikana uku.

Iyo troposphere ine yakatenderedza iyo 75% emagesi ari mudenga, nepo stratosphere iine chete 19%.

Kukosha kwetroposphere

Rukoko urwu rwave rwakanyanya kukosha papuraneti rese sezvo richinyatso kunangana nemaitikiro anoitika padanho iri. Iko kusimba kwemakungwa uye kutenderera kwemvura, photosynthesis yemiti, kufema kwemhuka uye zviitiko zvevanhu zvinoitika mu troposphere. Uyezve, Ndihwo hutara hwemuchadenga kunoitika mamiriro ekunze

Kumanikidza kwemuchadenga muchikamu chepamusoro kunenge chikamu chechishanu cheicho muchikamu chezasi. Ndokunge, kana troposphere isu tese tichafa nekukwira kwekurwara mumazuva mashoma. Mazhinji emagetsi ekupisa anokonzerwa nemhute yemvura inounganidzwa muhafu yepasi yemuchadenga. Pasina iyi dura, iyo greenhouse maitiro angave akaderera kwazvo uye makungwa anozopedzisira aoma nechando. Kunyangwe nguva pfupi yadarika pane kutaura kwakawanda pamusoro peye greenhouse maitiro sechinhu chisina kunaka, chiitiko icho nyika yepasi inoda kubvumidza hupenyu sekuziva kwedu.

Rimwe rematambudziko makuru atinawo nhasi kubva mukuita kwevanhu kuita kusvibiswa kwetroposphere. Utsi hunoumba panguva dzezviitiko zvezuva nezuva zvevanhu uye nemaguta akakomberedza ndiyo nzira iri pachena yekusvibisa mweyauye. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekusvibisa kunyangwe dzichionekwa kana kwete. Nekudaro, ese marudzi emhepo kusvibiswa anobatsira kuwedzera iyo greenhouse maitiro uye kudziya kwepasi. Chero chinhu chinodururwa nevanhu mumhepo uye chine zvinokuvadza pazvinhu zvipenyu munharaunda chinotorwa sechinhu chinosvibisa.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve troposphere uye ayo makuru maitiro.