Strait of Malacca

El Strait of Malacca Ndirwo ruoko rwegungwa runobatanidza Gungwa reAndaman (Indian Ocean) neSouth China Gungwa (Pacific Ocean). Iri pakati pemhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwechitsuwa cheIndonesia cheSumatra uye mhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweMalay Peninsula. Iine hukuru hwehupfumi uye vashanyi kukosha.

Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve Strait yeMalacca, maitiro ayo, kutongwa, mamiriro ekunze uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

Strait yeMalacca nemamiriro ekunze ayo

Nzvimbo yese yestrait inenge 65.000 square kilometers. Yakareba makiromita makumi masere uye yakaita sefunnel, yakapamhama kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero uye yakamanikana kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, inosvika pahupamhi hushoma hwemakiromita 80 mune inozivikanwa sePhilips Strait muSingapore.

Iyo Strait yeMalacca inotora zita rayo kubva kuMalacca (yaimbova Malacca), yakakosha 25th- uye 30th-muzana remakore rekutengesa chiteshi pamhenderekedzo yeMalay. Nzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kweiyo strait inongodzika XNUMX-XNUMX metres kudzika, kunyangwe kudzika kunowedzera sezvainoenda kugungwa reAndaman. Pamusana perwizi rukuru runoyerera mumvura ye strait, salinity index yaro yakaderera.

Kune zvitsuwa zvakawanda zviri muhombe, zvimwe zvacho zvakakomberedzwa nematombo nejecha, uye muromo wokumaodzanyemba kwegwatidziro racho wakaoma kupfuura. Ikozvino mu strait nguva dzose inoyerera kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kusvika kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero.

Mamiriro ekunze eStrait anopisa uye ane mwando, anokanganiswa nemonsoon yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva muchando uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwemonsoon muzhizha. Avhareji yemvura inonaya pagore inosvika pakati pe1.900 ne2.500 mm. Kupisa kwepamusoro pemvura kunosiyana pakati pe2ºC ne31ºC, zvichienderana nenharaunda uye mwaka wegore.

Kukosha kweStrait yeMalacca

Nhasi, mazana ezviuru zvemabhokisi ari mungarava dzinopfuura 90 000 anofamba nomuStrait of Malacca, akatakura chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvina chezvinhu zvinotengeswa pasi rose, zvinosanganisira petroleum, marasha, oiri yemichindwe, yakagadzirwa muChina, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, iyo zvakakosha kuhupfumi hweChina neVietnam, uye kofi inokosha kubva kuIndonesia.

The Strait ndiyo nzira huru yekufambisa pakati peIndian Ocean nePacific Ocean, inobatanidza hupfumi hukuru hweAsia hwakaita seIndia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, China, Japan, Taiwan, neSouth Korea.

Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kweiyo geopolitical yeStrait yeMalacca kuhurumende yeChina, isu tinofanirwa kuongorora ikozvino geopolitical dynamics uye hupfumi hwekudyara mudunhu, se masimba makuru munharaunda aratidza kufarira zvakanyanya kuchengetedza kodzero yenzira.

Economy

Nekuita zvirongwa zvebudiriro zvehurumende, hurumende yeChina yakawedzera simba rayo nekutonga mudunhu iri. Izvi kusava nechokwadi kwedzimwe nyika hakuna kuwedzera, kunyanya India, imwe yevashori vakuru vezvematongerwo enyika veChina, iyo inodzora zvakawanda zvekutengesa kunze kweWestern Strait.

Izvi pasina mubvunzo zvinomutsa kushushikana kuhurumende yeChina, sezvo mauto emugungwa eIndia ari panjodzi yekuvharisa ngarava dzinotakura mafuta kuenda kuChina, zvichityisidzira kumisa simba rehofori yeAsia uye kugona kugadzira. Saizvozvo, Strait yeMalacca ine mauto akakosha kubva kuUnited States, mumwe mupikisi mukuru weChina wezvematongerwo enyika nekutengeserana.

Ndokusaka, mumamiriro ezvinhu eNew Silk Road, hurumende yeChina yakakurudzira zvakasimba zvirongwa zvakadai se "The Belt uye Road", ichiedza kuderedza kuvimba kwayo munzira dzakatetepa.

Mamwe emapurojekiti akaitwa kudzivirira zvinogona kutyisidzira kubva kuIndia inzira yehupfumi pakati pePakistan neChina, rimwe remasanhu akakosha echikamu chepasi cheSirika Road nyowani. Iyo corridor, iyo inosanganisira Karakoram Highway, njanji dzakawanda, zviteshi zvinomwe zvakaoma uye kuvakwa kwenzvimbo pfumbamwe dzakakosha dzehupfumi, zvichabvumira vagadziri veChinese kuti vasvike muIndia Ocean vasingapfuure nepakati penzvimbo yeIndia. Saizvozvo, mapurojekiti ekuvaka chiteshi akaitwa nehurumende yeChina muSri Lanka ane zvinangwa zvakafanana zve geostrategic.

Imwe purojekiti inonakidza kubva kune geostrategic point yekuona ndeye Kra Canal muThailand, iyo inoderedza nguva uye mutengo wekutakura zvinhu zvekuChina uye kunze kwenyika. Pamusoro pezvo, chirongwa ichi chicharerutsa huwandu hwekutakura zvinhu zvichipfuura nemuStrait yeMalacca, iyo inomiririra 70% yehuwandu hwayo.

Navigation

Senzira huru yekufambisa yechisikigo pakati peIndian Ocean neSouth China Sea, Strait yeMalacca yagara iri nzira pfupi yekufambisa pakati peIndia neChina, uye nekudaro imwe yenzira dzakabatikana zvikuru dzekutakura pasi rose.

Nekuda kwekukosha kwayo kwehunyanzvi, Strait yagara ichidzorwa nemaArab, Portuguese, Dutch neBritish. Singapore ndeimwe yezviteshi zvakakosha pasi rose, iri kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweStrait. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ngarava dzinotakura zvinhu dzinopfuura 50.000 XNUMX dzinopfuura nomumakwava acho gore negore, uye chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chemafuta enyika chinotakurwa nomugungwa.

Zvenyama Hunhu hweStrait yeMalacca

Hunhu hwemuviri hweStrait yeMalacca, kunyanya kudzikama kwemvura yayo, zvipingamupinyi zvikuru pakufamba. Nechikonzero ichi, ngarava dzine overdraft havagoni kupfuura nenharaunda uye vanotsaudzirwa kuLombok Strait muIndonesia. Kugara kusungirirwa kwengarava mugwara uye mamwe matambudziko ekuchengetedza mukufamba ane chekuita nepiracy zvakakurudzira kuferefetwa kwedzimwe nzira, dzakadai seKra Isthmus muThailand (mufananidzo uri kumusoro kuruboshwe), zvinoreva kuchera chiteshi chinobatanidza Gungwa reAndaman negungwa. Gulf yeThailand.

Strait yeMalacca inosvika makiromita mazana mapfumbamwe kureba, yakaita sefunnel, makiromita makumi matanhatu neshanu chete yakafara kumaodzanyemba, uye inosvika makiromita mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu kuchamhembe pakati peSumatra neKra Isthmus. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, hupamhi hweStrait yeMalacca isingasviki makiromita matatu.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Strait yeMalacca uye maitiro ayo.