Tinobvumirana kuti pfungwa yakanyanya kusimba yezana ramakumi maviri nemasere kusvika pari zvino ndeye Stephen Hawking. Izvo ndezve murume aive ari theoretical fizikisi, cosmologist uye sainzi mukurumbira kubva kuGreat Britain uye uyo akachinja nzira iyo iyo nyika yese inozivikanwa nhasi. Tsvagiridzo yake yakasiya mucherechedzo panhoroondo yesainzi uye mamiriro ake ega akamupa muenzaniso wekuzvivandudza.
Mune ino chinyorwa tichaenda kukuudza iwe hwese hwunyorwa uye zviito zveStephen Hawking.
Makore aStephen Hawking
Sekuziva kwedu, Stephen Hawking haana kungoita chete basa rakakura rekutsvagisa, asi zvakare ave nemamiriro ezvinhu pachezvake zvakamuita iye muenzaniso wekuvandudza kwevanhu vazhinji. Uye ndizvozvo chete Makore makumi maviri nemaviri ehupenyu akaonekwa aine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ichi chirwere, chinonyatso kuzivikanwa seALS, chakakonzera kufamba kwake kushomeka mumakore. Aigona kungofambisa chikamu chipfupi chemuviri wake. Nekudaro, chirwere ichi hachina kurwisa kugona kwake kukuru. Neichi chikonzero, akakwanisa kuve mumwe weanozivikanwa masayendisiti munhoroondo yese.
Stephen Hawking mupiro mukuru kusainzi iri mune dzidziso inozivikanwa se "Dzidziso yezvose". Akanga ari musayendisiti wekutanga kuyedza kubatanidza Einstein's Dzidziso yeGeneral Relativity nemitemo yeQuantum Fizikisi. Isu tinoziva kuti iyo mitemo inobata cosmos haina kufanana neiyo inocherechedzwa nemasayendisiti munyika isingagumi nyika. Nyika ino ndiyo inounganidza tunhu tudiki tese senge maerekitironi, mapurotoni uye neutron. Kuyananiswa kwezvinhu zvese zvidiki chimwe chezvakavanzika zvikuru zvesainzi yazvino.
Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti kune akawanda akawanda equations kupfuura enguva dzekare kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, Stephen Hawking akagadzira chikuru uye chakanyanya kupayona. Ndiwo musimboti wekupisa kwegomba dema. Zvinoenderana neiyi equation uye dzidziso iyi, maburi matema ane basa rekuburitsa mamwe radiation uye anonzi Hawking radiation. Uye zvakare, pane zvimwe zvinofungidzirwa nezvekushanda kwezvinhu zvakasikwa izvo zvakaitwa nasayendisiti uyu pamusoro pemakore nemakore ekutsvagisa. Dzimwe dzedzidziso dzinozivikanwa ndedze dzidziso yenguva yekufungidzira uye mairi maanofungidzira kuti zvakasikwa hazvina miganho sekudaro. Izvi zvinokonzera nguva kutanga neyako wega Big Bang.
Stephen Hawking Nhoroondo
Tichaita pfupi ongororo yeiyo biography yesainzi iyi. Stephen Hawking akasimuka kubva paudiki hwake nekuda kweake pamusoro-avhareji kugona kwenjere. Zvakawanda zvekuti akaburitsa yake yechiremba thesis apo aingova nemakore makumi maviri nemana ekuberekwa. Tsananguro yacho yainzi 'Zvivakwa zvekuwedzera maYunivhesiti', yanga iri yeruzhinji kubvira 2017, uye inogona kubvunzwa kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge.
Kunyangwe nechirwere chakakomba zvekuti chakange chichiwedzera kudzikisira kufamba kwake, akakwanisa kukura seimwe yemasayendisiti anonyanya kurangarirwa munhoroondo uye akakura pamoyo. Akaroora kaviri uye akaita vana vatatu. Pakati pemakore ake ekupedzisira ehupenyu, akaramba achiburitsa uye achipa hurukuro sechirevo chikuru mukudzidza kwazvino kwese uye nezveramangwana revanhu seshiri.
Pakati pekupindira kweruzhinji kwekupedzisira, akatoyambira kuti vanhu vanofanirwa kusiya pasi redu kuti vararame seshiri. Muhupenyu hwake hwese, akaita fungidziro dzakakosha nezve kuvapo kwehupenyu kune mamwe mapuraneti uye nekugona kwehupenyu hwakangwara. Imwe yehope dzaStephen Hawking yaive yekufamba muchadenga uye kunyangwe iye akangokwanisa kudzokorodza zero zero giravhiti pazera rake aive nemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu, zvaive zvakamukwanira.
Uyu musayendisiti mukuru akaberekwa musi waNdira 8, 1942, makore mazana matatu chaiwo mushure mekufa kwa Galileo. Pakutanga aida kudzidza masvomhu asi zvaisawanikwa kuyunivhesiti kwake saka akadzidza fizikisi. Mushure memakore matatu uye kwete zvakanyanya kuyedza, akawana honors degree mune zvakasikwa sainzi. Akazvipira kuita research ye cosmology sezvo paive pasina aidzidza chikamu ichi kuOxford.
Maive muna1963 paakatsvedza ndokudonha panguva yekukwikwidza uye akatanga kuve nematambudziko ekufamba. Ndipo paakaonekwa aine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nemakore makumi maviri nemaviri chete ehupenyu, akatanga kudzikisa kufamba kwake zvakanyanya.
Mipiro yakanaka kwazvo
Stephen Hawking aisangova muongorori mukuru, asiwo mukurumbira wakanaka. Bhuku rake rekutanga rakakurumbira rakaburitswa mu1973 uye rinozivikanwa se "Chikamu chakakura chechimiro chenguva-yenguva." Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira General Relativity: Ongororo yeEinstein's Centennial, naW.Israel, uye Makore mazana matatu eGiravhiti, naW Israel. Akakurumbira mabhuku Stephen Hawking akaburitsa anosanganisira waanotengesa zvakanyanya A Pfupi Nhoroondo yeNguva, Makomba Matema uye Vacheche maYunivhesiti uye Mamwe maEssay, Iyo Nyika Muchidimbu, Iyo Dhizaini Yakakura, uye Nhoroondo Yangu Ipfupi.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, kufamba kwake kwakadzikiswa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kusvika kumagumo ese emuviri. Izvi zvakamumanikidza kuti avimbe nechigaro. Nekudaro, kusakwana kwake mumuviri hakuna kumbomumisa kubva pakuva musayendisiti akangwara. Muna 1985 akarwarawo nemabayo izvo zvakamanikidza vanachiremba kuita tracheostomy. Uku kupindira kwakapinza kwakamuita kuti arasikirwe nezwi rake zvachose.
Kutenda kukura kwehunyanzvi, kubvira 1997, yavo yekutaurirana system yaive yakavakirwa pakombuta. Iyo piritsi rakaiswa paruoko rwewiricheya yako inoshanda nemabhatiri echair pachawo, kunyangwe bhatiri remukati remapiritsi rinogona kurichengetedza richishanda kana zvichidikanwa. Icho chaive chakaomesesa chekuita system yekuti iye ataure.
Ndiye aive wekutanga kugadzira equation kuyedza kubatanidza dzidziso yehukama hwakawanda uye huwandu hwefizikisi. Akauya neiyo equation inozivikanwa senge dema gomba tembiricha fomura mune iyo pfungwa yake ndeyekuti gomba dema harisi iro dema zvachose Uye ndeyekuti maburi aya anoburitsa mwaranzi shoma uye yanga ichidaidzwa kuti Hawking radiation.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvaStephen Hawking uye nehupenyu hwake.