Skeleton Lake

Pasi redu rakazara nezvinhu zvinoda kuziva zvinokwezva vanhu vakawanda uye zvakaoma kutsanangura. Chimwe chezvinhu izvi iSkeleton Lake. Inzvimbo inowanikwa muHimalayas izere nemapfupa evanhu. Kune akawanda dzidziso uye zvidzidzo zvakaitwa padhamu iri.

Nechikonzero ichi, tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvekuda kuziva, humbowo uye zvidzidzo zviriko nezveSkeleton Lake.

Skeleton Lake Nyaya

Muna 1942, mukati meHondo Yenyika II, murwi wekuIndia anonzi Hari Kishan Madhwal akawana chimwe chinhu chakakosha paakanga achifamba mukati-kati meHimalayas. Mumupata uri pakati pemakomo, paukwiriri hwemamita 4.800 XNUMX, akaona dziva rine mazana emabhonzo evanhu achiyangarara mariri. Iyo Roopkund Lake muUttarakhand, India, inzvimbo inofananidzirwa mutsika dzeIndia uye nzvimbo yekare yenganonyorwa.

Pakutanga, zviremera zvaiferefeta kuwanikwa zvakatenda kuti marangwanda aive emasoja eJapan aive apinda muIndian Territory kurwisa vagari vekuBritain. Zvisinei, marangwanda acho akanga asina kusimba zvokuti vakagumisa kuti vakanga vagara kwenguva refu.

Panguva iyoyo, fungidziro dzakasiyana dzaifungwa. Mumwe wavo akabatanidza chiitiko nerwendo rweNanda Devi Raj Jat, rwendo rwemavhiki matatu ruchiri kushandiswa nanhasi kunamata vamwari veIndia. Chimwezve ndechokuti zvitunha zvacho zvaiva zverwendo rukuru rwehondo rwemuzana remakore rechiXNUMX rwakaguma zvafa, asi kuwana zvitunha zvakawanda zvevakadzi, vakadzi vakanga vasingakwanisi kunyora mumakore iwayo, pfungwa yacho yakakundikana. Kuputsika kwakawanikwa mumadehenya emapfupa panguva yekuongororwa kweautopsy, uye kuongorora kwakagumisa kuti vakafa mudutu guru remvura, Outdoor magazine yakashuma.

"Masara evanhu ava haasi ehuwandu hwevanhu kumwe kuIndia, asi kune vanhu vanogara mhiri kwekondinendi."

Zvino, anopfuura makore makumi manomwe gare gare, tsvakiridzo itsva yakaburitswa muNature Communications inopesana nedzidziso yazvino, ichipa ruzivo rwekuti sei varume nevakadzi vazhinji vari kufa paRoopkund Lake, inodaidzwa kuti Skeleton Lake. Tsananguro inonzwisisika.

Zvinokonzera uye kwakabva Skeleton Lake

Pachidzidzo ichi, vaongorori vakashandisa radiocarbon kufambidzana kuti vaongorore masara makumi matatu nemasere anowanikwa mudhamu, vachizoona zera remapfupa uye kuti akasvika sei ikoko. "Pakutanga, mhedzisiro yainongedzera kumapfupa ekutanga muzana ramakore rechisere, asi takazoona kuti izvi handizvo," akadaro Éadaoin Harney, munyori anotungamirira wekudzidza uye mudzidzi wechiremba muDhipatimendi reOrganic uye Evolutionary Biology paHarvard University. . Mitumbi iri mudhamu haina kufa muchiitiko chimwe chenjodzi, asi pamazera akasiyana. "Vamwe vave varipo kwemazana emakore, uye vamwe vave varipo kwezviuru zvemakore."

Kubudirira kukuru kwevaongorori kwave kuratidza kugona kukuru kwevanhu vekare kufamba nzendo refu kudaro.

Ongororo yemajini yakaratidza kuti zvisaririra zvaive zvemapoka matatu akasiyana, kubva kuvagari vekuSouth Asia makore anopfuura 1.000 200 apfuura kusvika kuvagari veGreece neCretan makore 23 apfuura. Boka rechitatu raingova neEast Asia mumwe chete. Pamwe chete, miviri ye14 yakabva kuSouth Asia uye imwe XNUMX kubva kuMediterranean.

“Zvisaririra zveSouth Asia zvine dzinza rakasiyana zvikuru,” anotsanangura kudaro Haney. "Havasi vehuwandu hwehuwandu hwakatangira kumwe kuIndia, asi kune vanhu vanogara musubcontinent." Migumisiro ye isotopic analysis yakaratidzawo kuti imwe neimwe yakatevera rudzi rwakasiyana rwekudya. Zvekuti vakafa sei, Haney nechikwata chake havasati vaziva chikonzero chaicho.

"Chinongo cherechedzo chatinacho ndechekuti Lake Roopkund iri pakati penzira yekufambisa iyo yakashandiswa kwezana ramakore rapfuura," vaongorori vakadaro. Sei matongo aya akasakara kudaro uye nzira iyoyo isipo? “Isu tichiri kuvhiringika uye tinoda ruzivo rwakadzama kuti tione mafambiro chaiwo ekufa kwese uku,” vakapedzisa.

Sezvo iyi iri nzvimbo ine nharaunda yakaoma zvikuru uye yakaoma zvikuru, masayendisiti akaedzawo dzidziso yavo yokuti vangave vakaurawa nemiuyo yezvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma, kungava dutu guru rechimvuramabwe kana kuti kudonha kwedombo netsaona. Kubudirira kukuru kwevatsvakurudzi, pamusoro pekuedza kutsvaga chikonzero cherufu (ihwo husati hwanyatsojeka), kuratidza kukwanisa kukuru kwevanhu kufamba nzendo refu dzakadaro munguva dzekare, zvichipiwa kure kure kweAsia subcontinent. “Tinoziva kuti kunogara kuine kutama kukuru, asi izvi zvinoita kuti tifunge zvakare kukosha kwavo munhoroondo yese,” anopedzisa kudaro Haney.

Curiosities

Boka rekutanga raive nevanhu makumi maviri nevatatu vane madzitateguru ane hukama nevagari vemazuva ano veIndia, vakabva kumapoka mazhinji akasiyana uye vakararama munenge muna AD 23. Boka rechipiri (kunyanya 800) rakafa muzana remakore rechi14, uye genetics inoratidza kuti hama dzavo dzepedyo. gara nhasi kumabvazuva kweMediterranean, kunyanya muGreece neKrete.

Asi vafambi vanobva kunharaunda yeMediterranean yeHumambo hweOttoman vaiitei mazana maviri emakore apfuura mumadhamu eHimalaya paanopfuura mamita 5.000 pamusoro pegungwa? Mumwe angafunga kuti zvakasara zvevatorwa ava vangave vazukuru vevarwi vakakunda nharaunda naAlexander Mukuru mazana emakore apfuura, asi DNA yavo yekuongorora haina kunyora genetic admixture yaifanira kunge yakaitika makore anopfuura chiuru apfuura muIndia. Pakupedzisira, muboka rechitatu, munongova nomunhu mumwe chete wedzinza reSoutheast Asia, uyo akararamawo muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.

Sekureva kwaAyushi Nayak weMax Planck Institute yeScience yeNhoroondo yeVanhu, kuvakazve isotopes yakagadzikana inowanikwa mumapfupa kunotibvumira kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekudya uye pekugara kwevanhu ava, uku tichisimbisawo kuvepo kwemapoka akasiyana akasiyana. , nekuti skeletons evanhu vanobatanidzwa neIndia vakaratidza kudya kwakasiyana-siyana, zvichiratidza kuti vaiva vemapoka akasiyana emagariro evanhu muSouth Asia. Kusiyana neizvi, vanhu vanobva kuMediterranean vanoratidzika kuva vane zvishoma muzvokudya zvavo nemapfunde, zviyo zvokuIndia.

Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, kufamba kunokurudzirwa nechitendero kunoratidzika kuva imwe tsananguro ine musoro: “Nzendo dzokumadhamu aya, kana kuti mipata kana nhongonya dzenharaunda yacho, dzagara dziripo kwemazana emakore, saka tinofunga kuti zvingangoitika kuti zvinenge zvasara zvinoperera ikoko. . Zvisinei, pasinei nenhamba huru yemadziva eRoopkund-akaita seHimalaya anokosha mune zvechitendero, hapana zvimwe zvisaririra zvevanhu zvinozivikanwa zvakawanikwa zvakaipoteredza.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Skeleton Lake uye maitiro ayo.