Nyika Venus Iyo ine mamiriro ekunze anga achisiyana nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwehukama pakati payo zvemukati tectonic chiitiko uye shanduko yemuchadenga. Iri padyo neSuva pane pasi redu. Izvi zvinoita kuti tembiricha yavo ive yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yePasi.
Pasi naVenus vaive vakaenzana saizi nekuumbwaNekudaro, yavo yekushanduka trajectories yaive yakanangiswa zvakasiyana kusvikira vaita mapuraneti maviri akasiyana zvachose. Pave paine shanduko yemamiriro ekunze papasi Venus?
Venus, iyo nyika gehena
Icho kutonhora kuri pamusoro penzvimbo Venus Iyo inenge 460 ° C ichienzaniswa neyedu 15-17 ° C paavhareji paPasi. Iyi tembiricha yakakwira zvekuti inoita kuti matombo apenye mumaziso emunhu chero upi zvake anoatarisa. Nyika inotongwa neyakaipisisa girinihafi mhedzisiro, inochengetwa nemhepo ine chikuru chinhu chinoumba kabhoni dhayokisaidhi. Iko hakuna zvakare mvura yemvura papasi, zviri pachena kuti ingapfungaire sezvo nzvimbo inovira yemvura iri 100 ° C.
Mukuwedzera kune pamusoro apa, mamiriro epasi rino anogadzira kumanikidza kwemhepo inenge yakapetwa kaviri pane yedu. Panzvimbo pekuumbwa nemhute yemvura, makore ayo anoumbwa nesulfuric acid.
Kusvikira nguva pfupi yadarika, ruzivo rudiki rwanga rwuripo pamusoro pekushanduka kwepasi Venus nekuti ayo sulfuric acid makore aisatibvumidza kuti tione maitiro epasi, senge kuputika kwemakomo kana tectonics. Zvisinei, kwemakore makumi mashanu apfuura, nekuda kwema 22 space probes avo vakatora mifananidzo, kuongorora, kuongorora uye kutsika paVenus, tinogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvazvo.
Mifananidzo yemapureti inoratidza kuti Venus ipuraneti ine ruzivo kuputika kukuru kwemakomo uye izvo, zvingangoita, zvichiri kushanda. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti mamiriro ekunze epasi akasarudzika zvakadii, sezvo tichigona kuzvibvunza kuti sei, kana masimba akafanana akabatanidzwa mukuumbwa kwemapuraneti, paive nemhedzisiro dzakasiyana paPasi uye shanduko yakasarudzika zvachose yeimwe.
Masayendisiti anoona shanduko iyi seyakasiyana nemamiriro akakosha atinawo muzuva redu uye nenzvimbo yedu maererano neZuva. Chii chatinogona kuwana kubva mukuziva shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yemamwe mapuraneti kana isu tisingagare mazviri? Huye mhinduro iri nyore, pamwe nekuwanda kwehuwandu hwemarara, nzanga yemabhizimusi uye girinihausi gasi inoburitsa mudenga ratiri kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze. Kana isu tichigona kuona kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvinosarudzira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pane mamwe mapuraneti, tinogona kunzwisisa zvisikwa uye anthropogenic michina inoshandura mamiriro ekunze.
Mamiriro ekunze uye geology yeVenus vs Pasi
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze epasi chiri muchimiro chemuchadenga waro, chigadzirwa chekuenderera kuchinjanisa magasi pakati peganda, jasi, gungwa, nzvimbo dzekumusoro nenzvimbo yekunze. Injini yezve geological maitiro, geothermal simba rinotyaira shanduko yemuchadenga. Geothermal simba rinoburitswa kunyanya nekuora kwezvinhu zvine radioactive mukati. Asi hazvisi nyore kwazvo kutsanangura kurasikirwa kwekushisa pamapuraneti akasimba. Idzi nzira mbiri dzakabatanidzwa ndedze: kuputika kwemakomo uye ndiro tectonics.
Sekureva kwePasi, iro remukati riine conveyor bhandi system inosangana neplate tectonics. Iro rinoramba richishandiswazve nemweya rakaisa simba rekudzikamisa pane mamiriro ekunze ePasi. Makomo anoputika anoputira magasi mumhepo; kuderedzwa kwemahwendefa e-lithospheric anoidzosera mukati. Kunyangwe makomo mazhinji anopindirana nezviitiko zveplate tectonic, kune zvimiro zvinozivikanwa zvemakomo (senge Hawaiian Islands kuumbwa) ayo akaumba "nzvimbo dzinopisa" dzakasununguka pamitsetse yemahwendefa.
Makirati uye ndiro tectonics
Chii chakaitika paVenus? Plate tectonics, kana ichibatanidzwa, ichave iri shoma chiyero; Zvirinani munguva pfupi yapfuura yapfuura, kupisa kwakachinjaniswa nekuputika kwemapani makuru ebasaltic uye gare gare nemakomo akaumbwa pamusoro pawo. Kunzwisisa zvinokonzerwa nemakomo kunoita Inosungirwa pokutangira kwenzira ipi neipi yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze epasi.
Kushomeka kwemakonzo anokanganisa paVenus, kunyangwe mhepo yaro yakaringana kudzivirira pasi kubva kuzvinhu zvidiki zvezviitiko, makorari makuru haapo. Izvi zvinonzwikawo pasi pano. Kuita kwemhepo nemvura kwakaronga kukoromora makorari ekare. Asi iyo pamusoro peVenus inonyora kupisa kwakadai zvekuti kunotadzisa kuvapo kwemvura yemvura; zvakare, mhepo dzepasi dzakareruka. Pasina kuputika maitiro anochinja uye, nekufamba kwenguva, Iwo makorokoza anokanganisa achadzimwa nemakomo anoputika uye tectonic zviitiko.
Mazhinji emakirati ari paVenus anoonekwa nguva pfupi yadarika. Mikoresi yekare yakaenda kupi, kana mazhinji acho akasara asina kuvhiringidzwa? Kana iwo akafukidzwa nemabota, nei asina kunyanya kuvharwa makarati anoonekwa, akanyangarika sei vasina kurasikirwa nekuiswa kwavo kwekutanga?
Dzidziso inogamuchirwa zvikuru nesainzi nzanga ndeye kuti kuputika kwemakomo kwakadzima makomba akakomba uye kwakagadzira mapani makuru emakomo makore zviuru mazana masere apfuura, iyo yakateverwa nedanho repakati nepakati rekusingaperi kwemakomo anoputika kusvika nhasi.
Mafomu emvura pamusoro peVenus
Isu tinosiyanisa, kutanga kwezvose, dzakasiyana-siyana zvimiro zvine mutsindo izvo zvinoyeuchidza ivhu rakarimwa nemvura. Ndiwo mufananidzo mupenyu wenzizi dzedu nemapani emafashama. Mazhinji ezvivakwa izvi anopera mudelta-senge ejection chiteshi. Kuoma kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo zvinoita kuti mvura isakwanise kuchera idzi tsaona.
Sei vari saka? Zvichida, calcium carbonate uye calcium sulfate uye mamwe ma munyu ndiwo anokonzeresa. Iwo lavas akafukidzwa neaya munyu akanyungudika patembiricha makumi mashoma kusvika kumazana mashoma madhigiri kumusoro kupfuura tembiricha yazvino yepasi yeVenus. Munguva yakapfuura, imwe tembiricha yepamusoro yepamusoro ingadai yakadurura mvura inoputika yakafuta munyu pamusoro, iyo kugadzikana kwayo kwaizotsanangura chiitiko chekuumbiridza tsaona dzatinoona nhasi.
Uchapupu hwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze eVenus
Greenhouse zvazvinoita uye gasi wevasungwa
Isu tinofanirwa kufunga kuti magreenhouse magasi anotendera mwenje wezuva kusvika pamusoro peVenus, asi mabhuroko akaburitsa infrared radiation. Carbon dioxide, mvura, uye sulfur dioxide imwe neimwe inotora rimwe bhendi rehurefu remagetsi emagetsi. Dai zvaisave zveavo magasi, mwenje wezuva uye infrared waizoenzana pakudziya kwepamusoro kweanosvika makumi maviri madigiri.
Mvura nesurfure dioxide inosunungurwa nemakomo inopinda mumhepo ichibva yabviswa. Sulphur dioxide inopindirana zvakanaka neacarbonates pamusoro, nepo ultraviolet mwaranzi yezuva ichiparadzanisa mvura.
Kuvhara kwegore uye tembiricha
Sulphuric acid makore anosiyana muukobvu mushure mepasi rese dzakateerana nekuputika kwemakomo. Kutanga, makore anorema semvura uye sulfuric acid zvinokandwa mudenga. Ipapo vanobva varasikirwa nazvo sezvo kuwanda kweaya magasi kunodzikira. Yakapera makore angangoita mamirioni mazana mana kubva pakutanga kwekuputika, Acidic makore anotsiviwa nehurefu, matete makore emvura.
Mamiriro ekunze akasiyana paVenus
Kutsemuka uye kupeta kunoyerera pasi. Kumwe kwekugadziriswa uku, angangoita makomo makomo akaunyana, anogona kunge achienderana nekusiyana kwenguva pfupi mumamiriro ekunze. Iyo dzidziso inoratidza kuti isinganzwisisike uye ine hukasha mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza anochengetwa nekuda kweyekuwedzera ehupfumi enzvimbo dzedenga. Mhute yemvura, kunyangwe mune huwandu hwakawanda, Inotora infrared radiation pamawvellengths ayo carbon dioxide asingaiti.
Panguva imwecheteyo, sulfur dioxide nemamwe magasi anovhara mavelengths. Yatorwa pamwe chete, aya magasi ekupfumisa anoita kuti mhepo yeVenus ive pachena kune chiitiko chezuva nemwaranzi, asi ingangoita opaque zvachose kuburitsa infrared radiation. Nekudaro, iyo tembiricha yepasi yakapetwa katatu iya yepasi isina mhepo. Kana tichienzanisa, iro girobhuvhu repasi pano rinomutsa tembiricha yepasi chete 15%. Dai zvaive zvechokwadi kuti makomo akapfuura pamusoro peVenus makore zviuru mazana masere apfuura, Vanofanirwa kunge vakadonhedza gasi rakakura kwazvo remagreenhouse mumhepo muchinguva chipfupi.
Muenzaniso wemamiriro ekunze epasi wakagadzirwa unosanganisira kuburitswa kwemagasi nemakomo anoputika, kuumbwa kwemakore, kurasikirwa kwehydrogen muzvikamu zvepamusoro zvemuchadenga, uye kuita kwemagasi emuchadenga ane zvicherwa pamusoro. Pakati pezviitiko izvi kusangana kunovandudzika kunotonhodza nyika. Takatarisana nemhedzisiro yakadaro Izvo hazvigone kusarudzwa kuti jekiseni remweya miviri rinorevei kune mamiriro ekunze eVenus.
Ndosaka, semhedziso, tichigona kutaura kuti paive nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze paVenus, asi isu hatizive kuti magasi angaite papi pakuchinja kwavo.