Gungwa, imba kumhuka zhinji uye zvisikwa zvinomera. Kashoma patinomira kuti tifunge nezve kukanganisa kune mamiriro ekunze, mushure mekunge hupenyu hwedu hwese hwave pamusoro penyika. Zvisinei, nyika yedu yakafukidzwa ne 70% yemvura; mune mamwe mazwi, zviitiko zvedu zvezuva nezuva zvakanangana mu30% chete. Uye zvakare, makungwa ane angangoita ese mvura pasi pano: vanenge 97%. Iyo 3% yasara iri mumatanda.
Mune izvi zvakakosha isu tichawana sei gungwa rakakosha kuti unzwisise mamiriro ekunze, uye kudziya kwepasi kunogona kuchichinja.
Kukosha kwemakungwa
Makungwa ndiwo anodziya, anotora carbon dioxide. Sezvo zvavanofukidza ingangoita nyika yese, huwandu hwakawanda hweEC2 inosanganiswa nemvura yaro. Husiku dzinoburitsa kupisa kwavakabata mukati memasikati, pakange paine chiedza chezuva; asi kwete izvo chete, asi gara uchitumira mweya wemvura mumhepo, nokudaro vachigadzira makore. Nekuda kweiri kutenderera kwekutora uye kubuda, tembiricha yepasi inoramba ichinyatsogadzikana.
Asi haina chete kukanganisa tembiricha yemhepo, asi zvakare mune iyo yepasi kusvika padanho, kunyangwe iri kure nemhenderekedzo, nekuda kwenzizi dzakasiyana dzemakungwa. Dzakati wandei dzakasarudzika pasirese, senge Gulf Stream kana iyo Antarctic Circumpolar Yazvino. Vane basa rakakosha kwazvo mukugadzirisa kwemamiriro ekunze uye mukutenderera kwehutano hwemvura. Nenzira iyi, mhuka dzese dzinogara mugungwa dzine chikafu chavanoda kuti vararame, kubva ku krill kusvika kuchena shark.
Mafungu egungwa anogona kuva kutonhora, inotangira kumatunhu akapora uye ane hunyoro, kana inodziya, ayo ari iwo anobva kunzvimbo dzinopisa kusvika kumatunhu akakwirira. Kana zvakati wandei zvabatanidzwa, izvo zvinonzi kutendeuka zvinoumbwa zvekuti kuNorth Hemisphere inozotenderera zvichitevedza wachi, kana zvinopesana muSouthern Hemisphere.
Chii chinoitika kana gungwa rikanyanya kupisa?
Izvi ndizvo zvatiri kupupura parizvino: miti mizhinji nemhuka zvinotanga kufa, uye zvimwe zvinokwanisa kuchinjika. Asi vese vane matambudziko mazhinji. Algae uye plankton inochengetedza mhuka diki senge krill, uye krill inodyiwa nehove hombe dzakadai sehove nezvisimbiso. Nekudaro, cheni yechikafu iri munjodzi yakakomba, njodzi yatove pano, nekuti munzvimbo zhinji huwandu hwekrill hwaderedzwa neanopfuura makumi masere muzana. Krill inobereka mumvura inotonhorera, padyo negungwa chando. Nekuwedzera kwekushisa, pane zvishoma uye zvishoma chando pamusoro.
Ukuwo, makorari mhuka yemugungwa ine hunyanzvi kune shanduko. Ivo vane hukama hwekufananidza nevamwe algae, mune ese ari maviri anowana mabhenefiti: iyo algae, nephotosynthesis, vanowana shuga dzavanogovana nekorari, dzinovapa imba yakachengeteka. Asi kana mvura yanyanya kupisa, iyo alga haigone kuita chiitiko chakakosha ichi, saka vanoguma vafa, uye makorari anotsvuka, kushaya simba, uye pakupedzisira kuoma zvakare.
Makungwa anonwisa kusvika kukota yeEC2 inoburitswa nevanhu, asi isu tinogona kunge tiri kubhadhara mutengo wakakwira. Makungwa ari kuwedzera asidhi, uye kuchengetedza chiyero chisina kusimba icho mhuka nezvose zvinogara mairi zvinoda, inofanira kunge iri alkaline. Mussels kana makorari pachawo angori maviri asingakwanise kurarama mugungwa reasidhi.
Oceanic pesvedzero pamamiriro ekunze
Sezvatakataura, gungwa rinokanganisa mamiriro ekunze, angave ari emahombekombe kana zviuru zvemakiromita kubva pairi. Kutenda kune izvo zvinozivikanwa se Thermohaline ikozvino, muEurope tinogona kunakidzwa nemamiriro ekunze anonakidza. Pasina iye, taizomanikidzwa kupfeka mbatya dzinodziya dzemvere mukati memwedzi yechando.
Rukova urwu famba pasi rese, kudziya muPacific neIndian Ocean kuenda kuAntarctic, kudzamara yanyura muGungwa reNorway. Panguva iyoyo mvura inotonhorera uye ine munyu inodzika kusvika pakadzika, uko ichaenda kumatunhu ekudziya eIndian Ocean nePacific uko ichabudazve uye nekudaro ichizadzisa kutenderera.
Munyu unokanganisa hova here?
Hongu, zvirokwazvo. Sekuziva kwedu, patinohodha chinwiwa chinyoro nechando, chinoramba chakayangarara pamusoro; Kune rimwe divi, kana tikaisa munyu kumvura unobva wanyura. Matanda akagadzirwa nemvura nyowani, asi chando chidiki chiripo, North North mvura ichave isina munyu, uye izvi zvinogona kureva kuti Europe ichava nenguva inotonhora zvakanyanya. Zvakadaro, satellites eNASA ari kunyatso tarisa kunyungudika kwechando uye mafungu egungwa kuyedza kunzwisisa zviri nani iyi system.
Parizvino, isu takangowana chete 5% yemakungwa. Nekuda kwekudziya kwepasirese, pachave nemarudzi mazhinji achanyangarika Pasina isu kuvaona kana kamwe chete, uye nevamwe vazhinji, avo vanotishandira sechikafu, vanogona kusakwanisa kuchinjika.
Iyo gungwa inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetwa, nekuda kwayo isu tose tinovimba.