El saharan guruva Kune maguta akawanda pedyo negwenga reSahara. Isu tinoziva kuti kuvhuvhuta kwemhepo kunogona kutakura zvidimbu zvejecha uye kupedzisira zvaiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Guruva iri rinogona kuunza matambudziko akasiyana muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu uye rinogona kubatsira mamwe ecosystem.
Muchinyorwa chino tichaona kuti guruva reSahara rinosanganisirei, zvimiro zvaro uye kuti zvinokuvadza kana kubatsira zvakatipoteredza nevanhu.
Chii chinonzi Saharan dust
Iyo inyaya yakamiswa mumhepo mugwenga reSahara uye inotakurwa nemhepo kuenda kune mamwe matunhu. Kuvapo kwaro mumhepo kunogona kukonzera imwe nyonganyonga mudenga uye, mune dzimwe nguva, zvakanyanya kuderedza kuonekwa. Mukuwedzera, kunyura kwezuva nedenga reyero kana dzvuku muhupo hweguruva rakarembera zvakajairika zvakare.
Kana kunaya kunoitika pamberi peguruva rakarembera, tinoisa guruva rakanyorova nenzira yemvura yemadhaka (kana kuti mvura yeropa). Dry kugadzika kunoitika kana particle concentrations yakakwira uye zvimedu zvinowira pamusoro negiravhiti.
Saharan incursions inowanzonzi smog kana kungoita guruva rinofambiswa nemhepo. Zvisineyi, zvimwe zvinhu zvinobva kwakasiyana (mafekitari, moto, zvichingodaro) zvinogona kuburitsa mhute (zvimedu zvidiki zvakasimba mukurembera). Zvikurukuru, Saharan dust inoumba mhando A haze kana mhute chaiwo.
Kuumbwa uye kutakura
Hupfu muSahara Inoumbwa nemamineral compounds akasiyana-siyana anowanikwa pamusoro pejecha rerenje. Silicates (muscovite, quartz, kaolinite, nezvimwewo) uye carbonates (yakadai secalcite kana dolomite) ndiyo yakawanda.
MuSpain, guruva reSahara rinowanzowanikwa muCanary Islands. Izvi zvinoitika kana mhepo dzekumabvazuva dzichikwanisa kupeperetsa huruva kubva mugwenga, dzichisiya matenga ane makore uye mhepo yakashata zvikuru pazvitsuwa, kunyanya zvekumabvazuva. Ichi chiitiko chinowanzoitika munguva yechando muzvitsuwa.
Nekudaro, lSaharan guruva intrusions zvakare inowanzoitika muIberian Peninsula, kunyanya kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva kwehafu yepeninsula. Pano, zviitiko zvakaitika pedyo nekuora mwoyo kwakadzika pedyo nekumadokero, iyo yakanga ichivhuvhuta mhepo yekumaodzanyemba uye yakatakura huruva kubva kuNorth Africa. Zvinogonawo kuitika kana DANA iri kuchamhembe kwekondinendi, uye mhepo inofamba kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva inogonawo kudonhedza mvura yematope.
Hupfu hunokonzerwa neguruva reSahara hunonyangarika sezvo mhepo nemhepo zhinji zvinochinja, zvichiendesa huruva kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Hupfu hweSahara hunoyerwa sei?
Mhando dzese idzi dzezvimedu zvidiki zvakamiswa ndevemapoka ePM10 nePM2,5 (zvimedu zvisingasviki 10 microns uye 2,5 microns muhupamhi, zvichiteerana) uye inowanzoshandiswa kuona kunaka kwemhepo. Naizvozvo, marekodhi aya anoshandiswa kunzwisisa kuwanda kweguruva reSahara mumhepo.
Guruva remhepo rinowedzera kuwedzera iyo AQI, kunyanya PM10. MuSpain, muganho wezuva nezuva wePM10, inokuvadza kuhutano, yakaiswa pa50 µg/m3. Muzviitiko zvakaita sechiitiko cheKalima munaKurume 2022, kukosha kwekusvika ku1000 µg/m3 kwakawanikwa munzvimbo huru dzepeninsula.
Kune rimwe divi, nekuda kweBarcelona Dust Forecast Center, inotungamirwa neAEMET neBarcelona Supercomputing Center, kufanotaura kwezuva nezuva kweguruva rakamiswa muEurope kunozivikanwa.
Benefits uye kukuvadza
Migumisiro yakaipa yeguruva remhepo mugwenga reSahara inobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwehutano hwemhepo. Izvi zvinonyanya kuve nemhedzisiro yakananga pahutano, senge matambudziko ekufema uye kushatirwa kwe mucous membranes. Zvakare, Kuisa pfungwa pamwoyo kunogona kuita kuti zviome kune vamwe vanhu kufema uye kunyange kutanga kufunganya.
Zvakadaro, vanhu vazhinji havazive kuti zviitiko zvemhute zvine chekuita nekupinda kweguruva kubva kuSahara zvinewo jira resirivha. Zvirimo mumineral salt nesimbi zvinoshanda sefetiraiza yechisikigo yekurima nekuredza munzvimbo dzinoiswa zvimedu izvi.
Kana chiitiko ichi chikaitika munzvimbo dzakakwirira, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uende kunze zvishoma sezvinobvira uye ugare wakapfeka mask kuti urege kufema zvimedu izvi. Zvakare Zvinokurudzirwa kuti urege kuita basa remuviri kunze. Munzvimbo dzemukati, zvakakosha kuchengetedza mahwindo akavharwa.
Haze uye guruva reSahara
Ichi chiitiko chemeteorological chinoitika mumhepo uye chinoratidzwa nekuvapo kwezvimedu zvidiki zvakasimba mukurembera, asi muhuwandu hwakakwana kupa mhepo chimiro chisina kujeka. Hongu, ijecha rinoyangarara mumhepo.
Semagumo, tinocherekedza nharaunda dzine makore uye neruvara rweyero kana orenji. Zvimedu izvi zvinowanzoita guruva nejecha, asi zvinogona zvakare kuumba madota nevhu revhu, mune izvo zvimedu zvidiki zvakanyanya muhukuru, mumayuniti emamicrons uye makumi emamicrons. Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti kufema kwenguva refu kwezvinhu izvi kunokuvadza hutano.
Etymologically tinoona kuti muchiLatin, caligo y caliginis, ndiwo mazwi anoshandura se "utsi dema", "gore", "opaque uye dema mhute" kana "guru guru", saka zvakajeka, haze haisi chinhu chitsva, vaRoma vakatozvipa izwi.
Zvakakosha usapesanisa utsi nemhute; izvo zvinogona zvakare kuderedza kuoneka, asi kuita mutsauko mukuru nekuda kwekunyorova. Kusiyana nehutsi, iyo ine yakasimba, yakaoma zvidimbu mumhepo, mhute uye mhute zvimedu zvemvura munzvimbo, uye mhepo yakanyorova kwazvo haina hutano husina kunaka, kusiyana nehutsi.
Nzvimbo yakajairika yekuwana haze muSpain iCanary Islands, asi kwete nekuti inoitika ikoko. Kwakabva calima magwenga makuru, serenje reSahara muCanary Islands.
Kuti izvi zviitike panofanira kunge paine zvinhu zviviri zvemamiriro ekunze: dutu reguruva rerenje uye mhepo inobva zasi kana kumabvazuva iyo inokwevera dutu reguruva kuCanary Islands kana peninsula pachayo, sezvakaitika munaKurume 2022.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Saharan poda uye maitiro avo.