El rwizi rwakareba muCanada Ndirwo rwizi Mackenzie. Ndirwo rwizi rune bheseni hombe muCanada yese uye runofamba nemunzvimbo ine vanhu vashoma ine nzvimbo dzinoyevedza uye ine vanhu vakawanda. Hunhu hwayo hwakakosha kuziva sezvo iri imwe yenzizi dzakanyanya kukosha muNorth America.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve rwizi rwakareba muCanada, kwarwo, nhoroondo, maitiro uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
Mhando huru
Rwizi rweMackenzie runoyerera kubva kuGreat Slave Lake kuburikidza nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweCanada kwemakiromita 1075, kana makiromita 4240 kana nzizi dzeFinley neRunyararo dzakabatanidzwa muhurongwa. Iine nzvimbo yakazara ye1.841.000 km2, nzvimbo yemvura ndiyo yakakura muCanada. Rwizi urwu runoyerera munzvimbo dzine vanhu vashoma dzine zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvakasikwa uye mazaya echando anokonzera mafashamo makuru munguva yekunyunguduka kwechando.
Rwizi Mackenzie runoyerera zvakanyanya kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kuenda kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Nzizi dzeLiard, Runyararo, neAthabasca dzinoumba manyuko adzo dzinodiridza Sango Plains dunhu rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBritish Columbia nekuchamhembe kweAlberta. Mushure mekupfuura Great Slave Lake, Rwizi Mackenzie inogamuchira dzimwe hova pfupi yeCanadian Shield kurudyi uye mugero unoyerera uchibva kuchamhembe Rocky Mountains (kana Rocky Mountains) kuruboshwe. Dziva reGreat Bear neAthabasca zvakare ndezvayo system. Mushure mekupfuura nemuNorthwest Territories, inodira muGungwa reBeaufort muArctic Ocean.
Kwakabva uye geography yerwizi rwakareba rweCanada
Rwizi rwakareba rweCanada runosimuka kubva kuGreat Slave Lake, runopfuura nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweCanada uye inoyerera kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kuburikidza neInuvik neFort Smith. Mabviro eMvura dzeMackenzie ndiLiard, Runyararo, uye Athabasca Rivers. Idzi nzizi dzinodiridza mapani ane masango ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBritish Columbia uye kuchamhembe kweAlberta.
Kuyambuka Gungwa guru reVaranda, Rwizi rweMackenzie runogamuchira kumahombekombe arwo ekurudyi mitsara yadudzwa pamusoro, iyo inobva kune inozivikanwa seCanadian Shield.
Kumucheto kwayo kwerudyi, rwizi runoyerera kubva kuMakomo eRocky ndirwo runodira. Madziva anozivikanwa seBig Bear Lake neLake Athabasca ariwo chikamu chedziva system inoyerera ichipinda muRwizi rweMackenzie.
Rwizi rweMackenzie runopfuura nomunzvimbo dzine masango kwenguva yakawanda yarwo, ruchicheka nepakati pemasango ane vanhu vashomanana vanoteya mvere, vaEskimo, uye vatemi vematanda zvisiri pamutemo.
Mushure mekuyambuka Canadian Northwest Territories, Rwizi rweMackenzie runodira muArctic Ocean, asi inotanga kuumba delta muGungwa reBeaufort pakati peAlaska, Canadian Northwest Territories, uye Yukon Territory.
Pluvial hutongi uye hupfumi
Kunyangwe chimiro chayo chisingazivikanwe uye chete sporadic data yakaunganidzwa kuFort Simpson neNordmann, hunhu hwayo hwehydrologic hunogona kupihwa chokwadi. Kune rimwe divi, makomo ayo ane makomo anoipa iyo neoglacial state, kunyanya kuburikidza nemutero wayo weLiard, nechikonzero ichocho. kuyerera kwakanyanya muna Chikumi uye kushoma muna Kurume; nerumwe rutivi, kuvapo kwedziva hombe kubhangi rekurudyi, ine nzvimbo ine nzvimbo yakakura yemvura inochengeterwa, zvichikonzera kurema (kuderera kwemwaka kushanduka mukuyerera), ichipa rwizi rwakareba rweCanada chimiro chepristine munzizi dzeArctic.
Iyo data iripo inosimbisa izvi. sezvo mutsauko wakaonekwa pakati pehupamhi uye hudiki kukosha ndeye 7.890 m3 / s. Kubva pane zvinyorwa zvishoma zviripo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kubuda kwayo mugomba remvura kunosvika 15.000 m3 / s. Munguva yemafashamo.
Rwizi urwu runoyambuka nzvimbo dzakafukidzwa nemasango ane boreal uye dzine vanhu vashoma. Ndiyo nzvimbo yeEskimos, fur trappers uye matanda. Rich pitchblende deposits ichangobva kuwanikwa pedyo neGreat Bear Lake uye uranium deposits yakawanikwa yakakomberedza Lake Athabasca, zvichikonzera nzvimbo dzevanhu.
Geology yerwizi rwakareba muCanada
Kusvikira zera rekupedzisira rechando rakatenderedza makore 30.000 apfuura, yakawanda yekuchamhembe kweCanada yakavigwa pasi pehombe Laurentide Ice Sheet. Masimba makuru anoparadza eLaurentide nevakatangira vakaviga zvachose izvo zvino yava Mackenzie Basin pasi pemamaira echando uye vakanyorovesa chikamu chekumabvazuva kwebheseni kusvika pamwero mukuru unobvira. Apo ice cap yakadzikira kekupedzisira, yakasara shure kwe1.100 km kureba post-glacial dziva, Lake McConnell, ine Big Bear, Great Slave, uye Athabasca madziva.
Ikozvino Mackenzie Rwizi idiki geologically: gwara rayo rakaumbwa zvisingapfuure zviuru zvishoma zvemakore apfuura, apo aizi yakadzikira. Ice Age isati yasvika, rwizi rwumwechete chete rwePeel River rwaiyerera nemuyava kunzi Mackenzie Delta kuenda kuArctic Ocean. Mamwe matunhu eRwizi rweMcKenzie anobatana kuti aumbe Rwizi rweBell, runoyerera kumabvazuva kupinda Hudson Bay. Munguva yechando, huremu hweaizi hwakadzikisira nzvimbo yekuchamhembe kweCanada kusvika padanho zvekuti aizi payakadzikira, iyo Mackenzie system yakatorwa munzvimbo dzakadzika kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, zvichisimbisa nzira yekuyerera yakananga kuNorth Pole.
Mvura yerwizi uye humwe humbowo hwekukukurwa hunoratidza kuti pakupera kwePleistocene, anenge makore 13.000 XNUMX apfuura, Strait of Mackenzie yakakukurwa nemafashamo makuru enyanza yegungwa inokonzerwa neLake Agassiz, yakaumbwa kumadokero kweGreat Lakes inoumbwa nekunyunguduka kwechando. Chiitiko ichi chinofungidzirwa kuti chakashandura mafambiro muArctic Ocean, zvichikonzera kushanduka kwekushisa kwakangoerekana kwaitika mumakore 1.300, inozivikanwa senguva yeYounger Dryas.
Mackenzie inotakura madhamu akawanda, ichitumira anenge mamiriyoni 128 matani pagore kune delta yayo. Rwizi rweLiard chete runoita 32 muzana yehuwandu, uye Peel River inenge 20 muzana. Zvikurukuru madhamu ese aibva kunzvimbo iri zasi kweFort Providence nekuti madhaka ekumusoro akavharirwa muGreat Slave Lake.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve rwizi rwakareba muCanada uye maitiro ayo.