Pakati pevadzidzi vakapira zvakawanda kusainzi mumazana emakore apfuura isu tine Rutherford. Zita rake rakazara ndiIshe Ernest Rutherford uye akazvarwa musi waNyamavhuvhu 30, 1871. Aive muBritish fizikisi uye kemisiti uyo akapa zvakawanda kunyika yesainzi. Akazvarwa muNelson, New Zealand. Imwe yemipiro yake yakakosha pasainzi muenzaniso waRutherford.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve hupenyu hwaRutherford uye biography.
Rutherford biography
Aive mwanakomana waMartha Thompson naJames Rutherford. Ivo baba vaive murimi weScotland uye makanika uye amai vake mudzidzisi weChirungu. Aive wechina pavanegumi neumwe hama uye vabereki vake vaigara vachida kupa vana vavo dzidzo yepamusoro. Kuchikoro mudzidzisi akafara zvakanyanya nekutendeuka kuve mudzidzi akangwara. Izvi zvakatendera Ernest Ini ndaigona kupinda muNelson koreji. Iyo koreji ine cache yakakura kune vakawanda vane tarenda vanhu. Iye aikwanisa kuvandudza hunhu hukuru hwerugby izvo zvakamuita iye anozivikanwa kwazvo pachikoro chake.
Mugore rake rekupedzisira akaisa chinzvimbo chekutanga muzvidzidzo zvese uye akakwanisa kupinda kuCanterbury koreji. Gare gare kuyunivhesiti iye akapinda mune dzakasiyana zvesainzi uye zvekuratidzira makirabhu asi haana kuregeredza rake rugby maitiro. Makore gare gare akawedzera zvidzidzo zvake mumasvomhu nekuda kwechidzidzo chakawanikwa kuYunivhesiti yeNew Zealand. Gare gare akamira pakuda kuziva kwake uye kugona kwake kugadzirisa akasiyana makemikari uye masvomhu matambudziko. Naizvozvo, anogona kuve mudzidzi mukuru kuCambridge.
Kutanga kuferefeta
Kuferefeta kwekutanga kwaRutherford kwakatanga kuratidza kuti simbi inogona kuvezwa nemagetsi nenzira dzakakwira zvakanyanya. Mhedzisiro yake yepamusoro yezvidzidzo yakamutendera kuti aenderere mberi nezvidzidzo zvakasiyana uye kuferefetwa kwemakore. KuCambridge Cavendish Laboratories akakwanisa kuita zvaaiita achitungamirwa neakafumura elektroni Joseph John Thompson. Maitiro acho akatanga kuitwa kubva mugore ra1895.
Asati aenda kunotora ruzivo rwekuferefetwa, akazochata naMary Newton. Makore akati wandei gare gare uye nekutenda kubasa rake akagadzwa purofesa paMcGill University kuMontreal. Izvi zvaive muCanada. Makore gare gare ndipo paakadzokera kuUnited Kingdom kuti akabatana nevashandi vekudzidzisa paYunivhesiti yeManchester. Zviri pano kuti akatanga kudzidzisa experimental fizikisi makirasi. Pakupedzisira Thompson akadzika semutungamiriri weCavendish laboratory kuCambridge University uye Rutherford akamutsiva.
Chimwe chezviitiko zvakatanhamara zvesayendisiti chinotevera:
"Kana kuyedza kwako kuchida zviyero, zvingadai zvakafanira kuita kuyedza kuri nani." Ernest Rutherford
Rutherford kuwanikwa
Muna 1896 radioactivity yakanga yatowanikwa uye izvi zvakawanikwa zvakanakisa pane uyu musayendisiti. Nechikonzero ichi, akatanga kuongorora nekuita ongororo nekupfuura nguva uye kuyedza kuona izvo zvakakosha zvemwenje. Akaratidza kuti alpha zvidimbu helium nuclei uye akashamisa munhu wese musainzi nekuumbwa kwedzidziso yeatomiki chimiro. Ndipo panobva mhando yeatomu yaRutherford. Semubairo, akasarudzwa kuve nhengo yeRoyal Society muna 1903 uye akazotevera mutungamiri.
Iyi yemaatomu modhi yakatsanangurwa muna 1911 uye yakazokwenenzverwa na Niels Bohr. Ngatione kuti ndedzipi nhungamiro huru dzeratomu modhi yaRutherford:
- Zvikamu zvinechaji yakanaka mukati meatomu iwo akarongedzwa muvhoriyamu diki kwazvo kana tikachienzanisa nehoriyamu yakazara yeatomu rataurwa.
- Anenge huremu hwese hune atomu huri mune iro vhoriyamu diki rakataurwa. Huremu hwemukati uhwu hwainzi nyukosi.
- Maerekitironi ane mhosva dzisina kunaka ivo vanowanikwa vachitenderera vakakomberedza kosi.
- Maerekitironi ari kutenderera pakumhanya kwakanyanya kana iwo akatenderedza nucleus uye vanozviita munzira dzedenderedzwa. Idzi trajectories dzaidaidzwa kutenderera. Gare gare ndicha vanozivikanwa semakemikari.
- Ose maviri maerekitironi ayo akapomerwa zvisina kunaka uye musimboti weiyo chaiyo inobhadharwa atomu pachayo inogara yakabatwa pamwechete nekuda kwesimba rinokwezva remagetsi.
Zvese izvi zvakaratidzirwa kuyedza uye zvakabvumidzwa kumisikidza dhayidhi dhizaini yekuwedzera kweiyo nyukireya nucleus. Ernest akagadzira dzidziso pamusoro peiyo radioactivity yechisikigo yaive yakabatana nekushandurwa kwepamoyo kwezvinhu. Dai akararama semubatsiri mukiraidhi yemagetsi nekuda kwebasa rake mumunda weatomic fizikisi. Saka, anokudzwa semumwe wemadzibaba edzidziso iyi.
Mubayiro weNobel muKemistry
Mipiro yesainzi yakabatsira zvikuru muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Uye zvinokwanisika kuita zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutsvaga submarines kuburikidza nekushandisa masaisai ezwi. Uku ndiko kwaive kutanga kwekutanga kwezvidzidzo, kunyangwe gakava parakange rapfuura, wekutanga kutapudza kwemakemikari akaitwa nekubhomba bhomba reatrogen senhengo dzealpha. Ese makuru mabasa aRutherford achiri kubvunzwa nanhasi mumaraibhurari nemayunivhesiti kutenderera pasirese. Mazhinji emabasa ake zvine hukama ne radioactivity uye radiation kubva kune radioactive zvinhu.
Nekuda kweruzivo rwakawanikwa mukuferefeta kwake maererano nekuparara kwezvinhu, akakwanisa kuwana mubairo weNobel mu chemistry muna 1908, asati aburitsa yake yemhando yeatomu. Element 104 yetafura ye periodic yainzi Rutherfordium mukukudzwa kwake. Nekudaro, isu tinoziva kuti hapana chisingaperi uye, kunyangwe uyu musayendisiti akapa kufambira mberi kukuru kune sainzi, akafa muna Gumiguru 19, 1937 kuCambridge, England. Zvisaririra zvake zvekufa zvakafambidzana muWestminster Abbey uye ikoko vanozorora pamwe neve Sir Isaac Newton naIshe Kelvin.
Sezvauri kuona, kune akawanda masayendisiti akapa ruzivo rwakawanda uye ruzivo kune iyo nyika yesainzi uye, pamwe chete, vari kutiita kuti tizive zvakanyanya uye nekuwedzera. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo biography uye mabasa aIshe Ernest Rutherford.