El Rover Curiosity Muchina wemuchadenga wakadzidza denga repasi reMars, uchitora mifananidzo yemakore akajeka uye mwedzi uri kuyerera. Rover's radiation sensors inobvumira masayendisiti kuyera huwandu hweakakwira-simba remuchadenga remangwana vanozoratidzwa pamusoro peMartian, zvichibatsira NASA kuona maitiro ekuvachengetedza.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezveCuriosity rover, maitiro ayo uye zvayakawana.
Mhando huru
The Curiosity rover muchina wemuchadenga wanga uchiongorora pamusoro peMars kubva pakumhara kwawo muna Nyamavhuvhu 2012. Yakagadzirwa uye yakavakwa neNASA, iyi mota yerobhoti chikamu cheMars Science Laboratory mishoni (MSL) uye ine huwandu hwezvinhu zvinokatyamadza zvinoita kuti ive imwe yemarovha epamusoro kusvika parizvino.
Iyo yakakura chaizvo kunge saizi yemota diki. Yakareba mamita 2,9, yakafara mamita 2,7 uye yakakwirira mamita 2,2. Huremu hwayo hunosvika 900 kilograms. Iyo ine mavhiri matanhatu, rimwe nerimwe rine dhayamita ye50 centimita, iyo inoibvumira kufamba zvakanaka uye kufamba munzvimbo yakaoma yeMars.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zveCuriosity rover isimba rayo. Iyo ine radioisotope thermoelectric jenareta (RTG), iyo inoshandisa kupisa kunokonzerwa nekuora kweplutonium-238 kugadzira magetsi. Iri sosi remagetsi rinobvumira rover kushanda kwenguva yakareba, kunyangwe mumamiriro eMartian anotonhora zvakanyanya.
Iyo ine zvakare zvakasiyana-siyana zvesainzi zviridzwa zviri mubhodhi. Ine sampuli yekuongorora system inodaidzwa kuti SAM (Sample Analysis at Mars), iyo inokwanisa kudzidza kuumbwa kwemakemikari eMartian rocks nevhu. Iyo ine laser spectrometer iyo inogona kufambisa zvimedu zvidiki zvezvinhu kuti uongorore kuumbwa kwayo kwekutanga. Uye zvakare, ine yakavakirwa-mukati-yakakwirira-resolution makamera anotora panoramic uye yakadzama mifananidzo yeMartian.
Iine articulated robhoti ruoko uye inogona kureba kusvika 2,1 metres. Kumucheto kweruoko kune zvishandiswa zvinoverengeka, zvinosanganisira chibooreso, bhurashi, uye kamera, zvinokutendera kuti utore sampuli uye kuitisa tsvakiridzo zvakananga pamusoro peMartian.
Nzira yavo yekukurukurirana inoshamisa. Inoshandisa antennas epamusoro-soro kuendesa data pamusoro peNASA network network, zvichibvumira masayendisiti ari Panyika kuti agamuchire ruzivo rwakakosha nezveMars munguva chaiyo.
Zvakawanikwa zveCuriosity rover
Pakati pezvakawanikwa zveCuriosity rover paMars tinofanira kuita yakasarudza kuti mvura yemvura, pamwe chete nemakemikari nezvokudya zvinodiwa kutsigira upenyu, zvave zviripo muGale Crater kweanenge makumi emamiriyoni emakore. Gomba iri raimbove nedhamu, iro rakakura nekudzikira nekufamba kwenguva. Imwe neimwe yekumusoro yeMount Sharp inonyora yazvino nharaunda yeMartian.
Iye zvino mutyairi uyu ari kufamba mugomba rinoratidza kuchinja kuenda kunzvimbo itsva inofungidzirwa kuti yakaitika pakaoma mvura, ichisiya zvicherwa zvine munyu zvinonzi sulfates.
"Tiri kuona humbowo hwekuchinja kunoshamisa kwemamiriro ekunze eMartian ekare," akadaro musayendisiti wechirongwa cheCuriosity Ashwin Vasavada weNASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory kumaodzanyemba kweCalifornia. "Mubvunzo ndouyu kana mamiriro ekugara akasangana neCuriosity kusvika parizvino akaenderera mberi kuburikidza nekuchinja uku. Vakaenda zvachose here kana kuti vakauya uye vakaenda kwemamiriyoni emakore?
Iyo Curiosity rover yakafambira mberi zvinoshamisa pagomo. Muna 2015, boka racho rakatora mufananidzo we "postcard" wegomo riri kure. Kadiki mumufananidzo uyu idombo reCuriosity-saizi inonzi "Ilha Novo Destino," angangoita makore manomwe mushure mekunge rover yapfuura mwedzi wapfuura ichienda kumunda wesulfate.
Chikwata chinoronga kuongorora dunhu rakapfuma-sulfate mumakore anotevera. Mariri, vanotarisa zvinangwa zvakaita seGediz Vallis chiteshi, chinogona kunge chakaumbwa panguva yemafashama pakupera kwenhoroondo yeMount Sharp, uye mamepu makuru esimende anoratidza kukanganisa kwemvura yepasi pagomo.
Vanoita sei kuti Curiosity rover ishande
Vanhu vanobvunza kuti chii chakavanzika cheCuriosity rover kuchengetedza hupenyu huno kushingaira pazera re10. Mhinduro iripo chikwata chemazana einjiniya akazvipira anoshanda ese ari paJPL uye kure nekumba.
Chikwata ichi chinoronga kutsemuka kwega kwega mumavhiri, chinoyedza mutsara wega wega wekodhi yekombuta isati yaendeswa muchadenga, uye chinodhirowa sampuli dzisingaperi dzedombo paJet Propulsion Laboratory's Mars Yard kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inogona kuramba yakachengeteka papasi dzvuku.
"Kana wangosvika paMars, zvese zvaunoita zvinofanorongerwa nekuti hapana munhu mumamirioni zana anogona kuzvigadzirisa," akadaro Andy Mishkin, maneja wechirongwa cheCuriosity kuJPL. "Zvese ndezvekushandisa zvine hungwaru zviri parover."
Semuenzaniso, maitiro ekuchera akagadziridzwa kakawanda kubva paakamhara. Pane imwe nguva, chibooreso chaive chisisashandiswe kwerinopfuura gore sezvo mainjiniya akachigadzirisa kuti chiite senge chibooreso chemaoko. Munguva ichangopfuura, imwe seti yemabhureki nzira inobvumira ruoko kufamba kana kugara panzvimbo yakamira kushanda. Kunyange zvazvo ruoko rwanga rwuchimhanya semazuva ose nespare set yarwaiva narwo, chikwata ichi chakadzidzawo kuboora maburi nekungwarira kuchengetedza mabhureki matsva.
Kuti vaderedze kukuvadzwa kwemavhiri, mainjiniya aigara akatarira njodzi, dzakadai se nzvimbo ine materu yavachangobva kuwana, uye vakagadzira traction control algorithm kubatsira.
Chikwata chakatora maitiro akafanana ekugadzirisa simba re rover richidzikira zvishoma nezvishoma. Iine mabhatiri emagetsi enyukireya anogara kwenguva refu panzvimbo pemagetsi ezuva. Sezvo maatomu e<em>plutonium ari mumabhatiri anoora, anobudisa kupisa, uko rover inoshandura kuva magetsi. Rovha haizokwanisa kuita basa rakafanana nezuva rimwe sezvayakaita mugore rayo rekutanga, sezvo maatomu anoparara zvishoma nezvishoma.
Mishkin akati timu iri kuenderera mberi nekuona kuti ingani simba rinoshandiswa nerover zuva rega rega, uye yatoona ndezvipi zviitiko zvinogona kuitwa mukuwirirana kukwidziridza simba rinowanikwa reiyo rover. Kuburikidza nekunyatsoronga uye unyanzvi hweinjiniya, chikwata chiri kutarisira kumakore akawanda ekuongorora ari mberi kweiyi rover isingatyi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Curiosity rover uye maitiro ayo.