Machismo yakonzera matambudziko mazhinji munyika yesainzi. Mumwe wevakadzi vakakosha kwazvo munyika yebiophysics uye crystallography yaive Rosalind franklin. Izvo ndezveiye wechokwadi anowana weDNA. Dambudziko nderekuti pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, vakadzi vaive vakazvipira mukudzidza kwesainzi havana kufuratirwa nekuzvidzwa nemasangano.
Naizvozvo, isu tiri kuzotsaurira chinyorwa ichi kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvaRosalind Franklin uye kukosha kwaaive nako pasainzi.
Rosalind Franklin biography
Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, chero musayendisiti anga ari mukadzi uye aizoita ongororo haana kufuratirwa zvachose. Zvakasvika panguva yavaitarisirwa pasi. Masangano uye nzanga yese seyakapara Rosalind Franklin kunyangwe kusazivikanwa kusazivikanwa Pakati pezvakanaka kwazvo zvakaitwa nemukadzi uyu musayendisiti tinocherekedza kuwanikwa kwemufananidzo wekutanga weB-divi rehydrated DNA. Masayendisiti matatu akapihwa mubairo weNobel muPhysiology neMedicine mushure mekuwanikwa kwechimiro cheDNA. Izvo zvisingazivikanwe nevanhu vazhinji ndizvozvo Makumi gumi apfuura Rosalind Franklin anga atoona mumwe mufananidzo.
Mufananidzo uyu unozivikanwa semufananidzo 51 uye chidimbu chakakosha kuziva zvese nezveDNA. Mukadzi uyu akaberekerwa mudunhu reKensington, iri muLondon, mugore ra1920. Baba vake vakachengeta kupa vana vavo vese dzidzo yakanakisa uye izvi zvakaita kuti Rosalind akwanise kubhadharisa zvidzidzo zvake zvepuraimari nesekondari muzvikoro zvakazvimiririra. Kubva kubvira musikana mudiki airatidza kuti aive musikana akangwara uye aive nechishuwo chakasarudzika chekufarira sainzi.
Pakati pezvidzidzo zvaRosalind Franklin tinomuwana aripo pahurukuro zhinji dzaEinstein uye aive neiyo chinangwa chekutsaurira hupenyu hwake kusevhisi yesainzi. Akatanga kudzidza kuyunivhesiti uye akatanga kufarira chemistry, fizikisi, uye masvomhu. Pakutanga, baba vaRosalind, vachiona kuti vaida kudzidza sainzi, vakaramba pachena. Uye ndeyekuti panguva iyo vakadzi vaisagona kuzvipira pachavo kutsvagisa. Ivo baba vamwewo vaive vadzidza sainzi uye vakadzidza chiGerman kuti vakwanise kuyedza kuve musayendisiti akanaka. Kunyangwe izvi, aisatenda kuti mwanasikana wake aifanira kuzvipira kutsvagurudza.
Kunetsana nemhuri
Iyi gakava yakakonzerwa nemagungano eruzhinji yakaita kuti ave nematambudziko akakura mukugona kudzidza izvo zvaaida. Baba vake uye ivo vaifunga kuti dzidzo yaive yakakosha kukosha kukosha kwekukura kwevanhu uye kusimudzira nzanga. Kunyangwe paine kukonana nemhuri, Rosalind Franklin aive nehungwaru uye kutsunga. Zvese izvi zvakawedzera kuchokwadi chekuti vabereki vake vaifambira mberi muchimiro akakwanisa kudzidza zvaaida.
Akazokwanisa kunyoresa kukoreji yevakadzi yeCambridge muna 1938. Akatora bvunzo yekupinda mufizikiki uye kemesitiri uye akakwanisa kudzidza aya maratidziro. Rosalind Franklin wekutanga kuonana nekristalllography yaive mukumuka kweakawanikwa naBragg. Yakaratidzwa kuti kana X-ray danda richipfuura nepagirazi, rinosiya mhando yekuzivikanwa. Kana iwe ukafunda izvi zvisaririra unogona kuona kuti chimiro chemakristolume mamorero akaita sei uye kuti maatomu ayo akamira sei. Imwe yekufambira mberi kwaakakwanisa kuita munyika yekristalllography kwaive kushandisa X-ray kuwana maumbirwo emakristaro. Kubva ipapo, akafunga kuzviziva iye neakadzidza muzvikamu zvitatu zvezvinhu zvaive zvidiki zvakanyanya muhukuru.
Rosalind Franklin Dzidzo yepamusoro
Kunyangwe kupedza kwake kudzidza kwakange kuri muna 1941, haana kukwanisa kuwana degree kubva iye aive mukadzi. Aive akangwara chaizvo uye nenzira yemubhadharo, uye pamamaki ake epamusoro akagamuchira mbiri-yekirasi rukudzo. Aya mavara aimuziva akakodzera kuti akwanise kuita basa. Akakwanisa kuwana kabhezari kadiki kwegore kuti agone kuenderera mberi achidzidza mune indasitiri yekutsvagisa yesainzi department uye kuwana doctorate. Iyi dzidziso yakapihwa kune mupoteri mudzidzi kubva muHondo Yenyika II. Izvi zvinokonzerwa baba vake vakamukumbira kuti ape mari iyi kune mumwe munhu akakodzera.
Rupo rwakakonzerwa nenyaya yekuti muna 1939 mhuri yaFranklin yakanga yasvika padyo nekubatwa muNorway kubvira Hondo Yenyika II yatanga kuenda kumba.
Pane imwe nguva akaiswa mudhipatimendi rekutsvaga kwesainzi, aive nerombo rakanaka. Uye ndezvekuti akakwanisa kushanda neye physicochemist Ronald Norrish uyo aive piyona mune photochemistry uye akahwina mubairo weNobel. Kunze kwekuti Rosalind Franklin ainakidzwa nebasa rake, ainyatsofara. Unogona kugara wakasununguka mune yekurenda imba uye ipapo aigona kugamuchira shamwari dzake uye kunakidzwa nenguva yake yekusununguka. Zvese izvi zvakamubatsira kuti ave anowirirana pabasa rake uye kunakidzwa nehupenyu.
Akakwanisa kugamuchira basa pamarasha, iro rakave huni hune kukosha kukuru sezvo dzaishandiswa sefaera mumakamuri emagetsi. Ini ndinogona kuongorora mhando dzakasiyana dzemarasha uye ndakabatsira mukugadzirwa kweanoshanda gasi mask
Kubudirira kwesainzi
Mumakore ese iwayo, vashoma kwazvo vanhu vakapihwa doctorate. Rosalind Franklin aive mumwe weavo vaikwanisa kuve nePhD kunyangwe aive mukadzi. Basa rake rakafumurwa pazvivakwa zvecarbon uye graphite zvakamubatsira kuwana iye doctorate mufizikiki uye kemesitiri. Akapawo nzvimbo yebasa yaakapihwa uye akafunga kusiya England. Akakwanisa kuenda kuFrance uye akawana basa rakakura. Kutenda Adrienne Weill, mudzidzi waMarie Curie, Iye aigona kutaura French uye kudzidza nezve akasiyana mabasa.
Sezvauri kuona, vakadzi zvakare vakakwanisa kupa kune iyo yakawanda huwandu hweruzivo musainzi uye nekubatsira kufambisira mberi. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvaRosalind Franklin uye nehupenyu hwake.