Isu tinoziva kuti pamhando dzesimba rinowanikwazve pasi rose, solar ndiyo yakanyanya kufambira mberi uye inozivikanwa. Nzvimbo iyo simba rezuva rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi kuti rikwanise kurishandisa iri mu photovoltaic chirimwa. Kune akawanda akasiyana marudzi e photovoltaic magetsi emiti uye imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo uye kugona kwayo.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza nezve hunhu hwechirimwa chephotovoltaic, mhando dziripo uye zvakanakira zvavanazvo zvine chekuita nemagetsi ekugadzira zvidyarwa zvinoenderana nefossil mafuta.
Hunhu hwe photovoltaic chirimwa
A photovoltaic plant isimba rinoshandisa photovoltaic effect kushandura simba rezuva kuita simba remagetsi. Iyo photovoltaic effect inoitika apo mafotoni anorova chinhu uye anokwanisa kudzinga maerekitironi, achigadzira yakananga ikozvino.
a photovoltaic chirimwa Iyo inonyanya kusanganisira photovoltaic modules uye inverters. Photovoltaic mapaneru ane basa rekushandura mwenje wezuva. Nekudaro, iyo inverter inoshandura yakananga ikozvino simba kuita inochinjanisa yazvino simba rine maitiro akafanana neaya egridi.
Mune rudzi urwu rwezuva, magetsi ose anogadzirwa anopinzwa mukati mekugovera network. Kushanda uku kunotungamirira kukushanda kuri nani kwechigadzirwa, sezvo simba rose rinogadzirwa nenzira iyi rinoshandiswa.
Iyo yakakura photovoltaic chirimwa munyika ndeye Bhadla Solar Park muIndia ine simba rakaiswa 2.245 MW. Mari yese yekuisa i1.200 miriyoni euros. Photovoltaic simba inoonekwa seyakachena simba sosi nekuti haiburitse magasi anosvibisa.
Zvinhu zvikuru
Izvo zvikamu zvikuru izvo chero rudzi rwe photovoltaic chirimwa chinofanira kuve nacho, zvisinei nerudzi rwacho, ndeaya anotevera:
- Solar panel: Photovoltaic panels ndiwo musana wechirimwa chemhando iyi. Iwo anoumbwa nemasero e-photovoltaic anotora simba kubva kuchiedza chezuva uye anochishandura kuva magetsi emagetsi.
- Investors: Magetsi anogadzirwa ne solar panel akananga izvozvi, asi midziyo yakawanda yemagetsi nemasisitimu anoshandisa alternating current. Iyo inverters inoshandura magetsi kubva kune yakananga ikozvino kune alternating ikozvino, ichiita kuti ienderane nekushandiswa kwemumba uye kubatanidzwa mugetsi remagetsi.
- Zvimiro zvekutsigira: Solar panel inoiswa pazvivakwa zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvirambe zviri panzvimbo, zvichiva nechokwadi chekuti dzakananga kuzuva chaiko uye dziviriro yadzo kubva kumamiriro ekunze akaipa.
- kuchengetedza system (zvichida): Zvimwe zvinomera zvephotovoltaic zvinogona kubatanidza masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba, senge mabhatiri, kuchengetedza yakawandisa magetsi anogadzirwa mukati mezuva uye kuishandisa husiku kana panguva yekuderera kwemwaranzi yezuva.
- weather tower. Ndipo panoongororwa mamiriro emamiriro ekunze akasiyana kuti aone huwandu hwemwaranzi yezuva inotambirwa kana inotarisirwa kugamuchirwa.
- Kutakura mitambo. Ndiyo mitsetse inotakura simba remagetsi kunzvimbo dzekushandisa.
- Imba yekudzora: Ndiyo inotarisira kutarisa nzvimbo iyo zvinhu zvose zve photovoltaic plant zvinoshanda.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemagetsi emagetsi ephotovoltaic ndezvekuti zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinofanirwa kuyerwa kuti zvitarise zvinogona kuwedzera musimba rakaiswa rechirimwa mune ramangwana.
Mhando dze photovoltaic power plant
Sezvatakambotaura kare, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi emagetsi e photovoltaic zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, simba remagetsi uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinofanirwa kufunga nezvazvo. Ngationei kuti ndedzipi mhando huru dziripo:
- Isolated photovoltaic zvinomera: Izvi zvinomera zviri munzvimbo dziri kure uko kusingasviki kune yakajairika magetsi grid. Vanoshandisa solar panel kugadzira magetsi uye kuachengeta mumabhatiri kuti azoshandiswa gare gare. Iwo akanakira maapplication akadai semapurazi, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze, kana mabhekoni ekufamba.
- Grid-yakabatana photovoltaic zvirimwa: Izvi zvinomera zvakabatanidzwa kune yakajairwa magetsi ekugovera hurongwa. Vanogadzira magetsi pamwero mukuru uye vanoidyisa zvakananga mugridi, vachibvumira kuti igoverwe kune vatengi. Nzvimbo idzi dzinogona kuva dzemhando mbiri:
- Zvikuru-zvikuru photovoltaic magetsi zvidyarwa: Iyo inozivikanwawo seyakavhurika munda solar power plant, iyo inoumbwa nenhamba yakawanda ye solar panels yakarongwa pamusoro penzvimbo yakakura. Vanogona kutora nzvimbo isina vanhu, yakadai serenje kana nzvimbo dzekumaruwa, uye kugadzira huwandu hwakakura hwemagetsi.
- Photovoltaic zvinomera pamatenga: Zviteshi zvemagetsi izvi zvakaiswa pamatenga edzimba, dzekutengeserana kana dzemaindasitiri. Vanoshandisa nzvimbo dziripo pamatenga kuti vaunze magetsi uye kudyisa kushandiswa kwemukati kana kutopinza simba rakawandisa mugetsi remagetsi.
- Inoyangarara photovoltaic zvinomera: Miti iyi inovakwa mumiviri yemvura, yakaita semadziva kana madhamu. Solar panels inoyangarara pamusoro pemvura uye inogadzira magetsi. Iyi nzira ine zvakanakira zvakawanda, sekuchengetedza ivhu, kuderedzwa kwemvura yekupusha, uye goho repamusoro nekuda kwekutonhora kwemvura.
- Inotakurika photovoltaic zvinomera: Izvi zvinomera zvakagadzirirwa kutakurwa uye kuiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Inowanzo shandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukurumidzira kana munzvimbo dzenguva pfupi apo magetsi anodiwa, zvakadai semusasa kana zviitiko zvekunze.
Kuti photovoltaic plant inoshanda sei
Mukamuri yekudzora, kushanda kwemidziyo yese yekudyara kunotariswa. Mukamuri yekudzora, inogamuchira ruzivo kubva kune meteorological tower, inverters, makabati azvino, substation nzvimbo, nezvimwe. Iyo nzira yekushandurwa kwe photovoltaic solar energy kuita magetsi ndeiyi inotevera:
Shanduko yesimba rezuva kuita yakananga ikozvino
Photocells ibasa rekutora mwenje yezuva uye kuishandura kuita magetsi. Kazhinji, inogadzirwa nesilicon semiconductor zvinhu zvinofambisa iyo photoelectric effect. Apo photon inopindirana nesero rezuva, electron inosunungurwa. Magetsi anogadzirwa ari muchimiro chakananga ikozvino kuburikidza nehuwandu hwemaerekitironi akawanda emahara.
Simba rekugadzira simba rinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze (radiation, humidity, tembiricha ...). Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze panguva imwe neimwe, huwandu hwemazuva ezuva hunozogamuchira masero e photovoltaic huchachinja. Nokuda kweizvi, shongwe yemeteorological inovakwa muchirimwa chezuva.
DC kutendeuka kune AC
Photovoltaic panels inogadzira yakananga ikozvino. Zvisinei, Simba remagetsi rinotenderera kuburikidza netiweki yekutumira inozviita nenzira yekuchinjana ikozvino. Kuti uite izvi, ikozvino yakananga inofanira kuchinjwa kuti iite alternating current.
Kutanga, iyo DC simba kubva kune solar panel inopihwa kuDC cabinet. Mune iyi kabati, iyo yazvino inoshandurwa kuita alternating ikozvino nemagetsi inverter. Iyo yazvino inozoendeswa kune AC cabinet.
Kutakura uye kupa magetsi
Ikozvino inosvika paAC cabinet haisati yagadzirira kudyisa grid. Nokudaro, simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa inopfuura nepakati pekushandura iyo inogadziriswa kune simba uye voltage mamiriro emitsara yekufambisa kuti ishandiswe munzvimbo yevatengi.
Ndinotarisira kuti nemashoko aya unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti photovoltaic plant yakaita sei uye maitiro ayo.