Imwe yevakuru vefizikisi vakapfuura munhoroondo yenyika yesainzi ndeye Paul dirac. Zita rake rakazara ndiPaul Adrien Maurice Dirac uye akazvarwa musi waNyamavhuvhu 8, 1902. Akafa musi wa20 Gumiguru 1984 uye aive mumwe wenyanzvi dzefizikisi dzakamira pachena nekuda kwekugona kwake mumasvomhu.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza biography yaPaul Dirac uye chii chaakaita.
Biography yaPaul Dirac
Akazvarwa muBristol, England. Baba vake mudzidzisi wehurumende yeFrance, asi anobva kuSwitzerland. Pauro akapinda muchikoro icho baba vake vakadzidzisa uye akagara achizivikanwa nokuda kwemasvomhu ake. Paakapedza chikoro chesekondari, magumo ake akanga akajeka zvikuru. Akadzidza engineering yemagetsi paYunivhesiti yeBristol uye kubva pakutanga ainyanya kukoshesa kuomerera pakushandiswa kwemasvomhu ekuenzanisa muinjiniya kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana. Mushure mekupedza dhigirii rake redhigirii, akakweverwa kudzidziso yaEinstein yehukama uye akapinda muCambridge University kuti adzidze masvomhu.
Munguva yebasa rake rekuyunivhesiti, akatanga kugadzira dzidziso yequantum yekufamba kweerekitironi, iyo yakakura muna 1928, ichikurudzira kuvepo kwezvikamu zvakafanana nemaerekitironi muzvinhu zvese kunze kwekuchaji yemagetsi: maerekitironi akachajiswa zvisina kunaka uye ichi chekufungidzira chakachajiwa.
Masayendisiti akaita saMax Born kana Pascual Jordan akaita tsvakurudzo imwe chete panguva imwe chete, kunyange zvazvo musiyano uri mukupfava kune mufungo kwokurangarira kunoshandiswa naDirac. Pakupedzisira, dzidziso iyi yakasimbiswa zvakajeka muna 1932, apo nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuAmerica Carl Anderson akawana rudzi rwechidimbu chinonzi positron kuburikidza nekuedza kwezvikamu zvinorovera nemwaranzi ye cosmic, uye akawana mutsara wechidimbu.
Dirac akakwanisawo kubatanidza dzidziso yehukama murondedzero yemasvomhu yemakanika eatomu rehydrogen. Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa Dirac equation ye electron, iyo, kunze kwekupa tsananguro ye spectral line, inotsanangurawo electron nenzira inogadzirisa dambudziko rekutenderera. Nekudaro, nzanga yesainzi ine kusava nechokwadi pamusoro peiyi pfungwa yakashinga.
Mamwe mabasa aPaul Dirac
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyange zvazvo aizivikanwa zvikuru munzanga yesayenzi, akawana zvakaoma kuwana basa, mamiriro ezvinhu akamutungamirira kunodzidzisa paSt. John’s College, Cambridge. Chikoro ichi, chinotungamirirwa naRH Fowler, chakabatsira basa rekupayona raNiels Bohr mundima yeatomu yefizikisi, zvichibvumira Dirac kufambirana nekufambira mberi mufizikisi. Munguva yako semudzidzisi, akanyora "Mitemo ye quantum mechanics" (1930).
Dirac akarumbidzwawo nekuda kwemipiro yake kune Fermi-Dirac statistical mechanics. Kufambira mberi kwesainzi uku kwakamuwanira Mubayiro weNobel muFizikisi muna 1933, waakagovana naErwin Schrödinger. Gare gare, akaitwa Shamwari yeRoyal Society.
Kubva ipapo zita rake rave kuzivikanwa zvakanyanya, akagadzwa sePurofesa weMasvomhu paCambridge University uye gare gare Purofesa weFizikisi paFlorida State University. Zvakare Aive nhengo yeAmerican Physical Society for Advanced Education.
Dirac akafungidzira kuti maitiro emaerekitironi anogona kutsanangurwa nemabasa mana emafungu anoteerera mana akasiyana equation panguva imwe chete. Kubva pakuenzanisa izvi zvinotevera kuti ma electrons anofanira kutenderera kumativi ose axis avo, muchidimbu, ari mumamiriro emasimba asina kunaka, asingaenderani nechokwadi chemuviri. Mukupedzisa, Dirac anotenda kuti simba risina kukwana reerekitironi munyika ino rakaenzana nehupenyu hupfupi hunochajiswa zvakanaka.
Hupenyu hwemhuri
Dirac akatamira kuSt. John's College, Cambridge University kuti aite tsvakurudzo mufizikisi yezvidzidzo achitungamirirwa naRalph Fowler. Makore mashomanana gare gare, Dirac akapedza basa racho. Parizvino, pesvedzero yake munyika yefizikisi yakakura. Mazhinji emipiro yake anoonekwa seanogadzirisa kusimudzira kwequantum mechanics. Kana iri atomu, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ndeimwe yesainzi yakabatsira zvakanyanya mukufambira mberi kwayo.
Iye zvino, muchato wake naMargit Balasz mukana wekufambira mberi mumunda wesainzi, nekuti ihanzvadzi yeHungarian fizikisi Eugene Wigner, uye akamupa rutsigiro rwakakura pakutsvagisa kwake nekusimudzira. Zvakare, Margit anogara achitsigira zvakanyanya. Dirac yakaburitsa zvinyorwa zvakati wandei, senge Quantum Singularities muElectromagnetic Fields (1931), kuita tsvakiridzo iyi inobva pamienzaniso yaMaxwell.
Makore maviri gare gare, akabudisa migumisiro yake pamusoro pedzidziso inokosha yemugwagwa, uye Richard Feynman akatanga dzidziso dzakawanda kubva mubasa iri. Akaitawo tsvakiridzo inoenderana nezve delta basa.
Paul Dirac akapedza basa rake resainzi kuCambridge muna 1969 uye akafunga kusiya basa nekuzorora makore mashoma gare gare nekuda kwekukura kwake ndokutamira kuFlorida State University kuUnited States. Iye nemudzimai wake vakatamira kuTallahassee, Florida. Pakupedzisira, pana October 20, 1984, Dirac akafa. Mushure mekufa kwake, vanhu vakapa mutero uye kukoshesa basa rake resainzi. Kunyangwe, muzviitiko zvakawanda, yakashoropodzwa nemamwe masekete enzanga nekuti yakanangana nekubatana mukugadzira mabhomba eatomu.
Kupera kwemazuva ake
Izvi nemimwe mipiro yakatanhamara, senge dzidziso yehuwandu hwemwaranzi kana Fermi-Dirac statistical mechanics, yakamuwanira Mubairo weNobel muFizikisi muna 1933 uye, pamwe naErwin Schrödinger, Sachigaro weLucas muMathematics gore rapfuura. Kusvikira 1968. Akazotamira kuUnited States uye akagadzwa Purofesa Emeritus paYunivhesiti yeTallahassee muna 1971.
Muna 1933, akagovera Mubairo weNobel muFizikisi naErwin Schrödinger, uyen 1939 akava nhengo yeRoyal Society. Kubva 1932 kusvika 1968 aive purofesa wemasvomhu paCambridge University, kubva 1971 kusvika pakufa kwake aive purofesa wefizikisi paFlorida State University, uye kubva 1934 kusvika 1959 aive nhengo yeAdvanced Institute. Paul Dirac akafa musi wa20 Gumiguru 1984 muTallahassee, Florida, USA.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvaPaul Dirac uye biography yake.