Zuva rakaumbwa rini?

Nekuda kwezuva tinogona kuva nehupenyu panyika yedu. Nyika iri munzvimbo inonzi nzvimbo inogarika umo, nokuda kwechinhambwe kubva kuzuva, tinogona kuwedzera upenyu. Zvisinei, masayendisiti agara achibvunza zuva rakabuda rinhi uye kubva ipapo kuti solar system yatinayo nhasi yakagadzirwa sei.

Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza kuti zuva rakaumbwa rini, maitiro aro uye kukosha kwaro.

Chii zuva

Isu tinodaidza zuva kuti nyeredzi iri pedyosa nenyika yedu (makiromita 149,6 miriyoni). Mapuraneti ese emuchadenga anoitenderera, achikwezvwa negiravhiti rayo, uye ma<em>comets nema<em>asteroids anoaperekedza. Zuva inyeredzi yakajairika mugwara redu renzou, ndiko kuti, harina kumira mushe nekuve rakakura kana diki pane dzimwe nyeredzi.

Iyo G2 yero dwarf ichipfuura nemukutevedzana kukuru kwehupenyu hwayo. Iri muruoko rwakatenderedza kunze kweMilky Way, anenge 26.000 light-years kubva pakati payo. Yakakura zvekukwanisa kuverengera 99% yehuremu hwesolar system, kana 743 times the mass of all the planets of the same planet akabatanidzwa (kanenge 330.000 times the mass of Earth).

Ukuwo zuva, Ine dhayamita inosvika mamiriyoni 1,4 emakiromita uye ndicho chinhu chikuru uye chinopenya kudarika zvose zviri mumatenga ePasi., kuvapo kwake kunosiyanisa masikati nousiku. Nekuda kwekugara kwairi kubuda kwemwaranzi yemagetsi (kusanganisira chiedza chinoonekwa), pasi redu rinogashira kupisa nechiedza, zvichiita kuti hupenyu huvepo.

Zuva rakaumbwa rini?

Senyeredzi dzese, Zuva rakaumbwa kubva mugasi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvaive chikamu chegore remamorekuru makuru. Gore rakadonha pasi pesimba raro rinokweva zvinhu makore 4.600 bhiriyoni apfuura. Solar system yese inobva mugore rimwechete.

Pakupedzisira, gasi racho rinova gobvu zvokuti rinoparira kuita kwenyukireya kuno“tungidza” pakati penyeredzi. Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanyozivikanwa yekugadzira zvinhu izvi.

Sezvo hydrogen yezuva inopedzwa, inoshandurwa kuita helium. Zuva ibhora hombe replasma, rinenge rakatenderera, inoumbwa zvakanyanya nehydrogen (74,9%) nehelium (23,8%). Mukuwedzera, ine trace elements (2%) yakadai seokisijeni, kabhoni, neon uye iron.

Hydrogen, chinhu chinopisa nezuva, chinoshanduka kuita helium kana chapedzwa, chichisiya chidimbu che "helium ash." Iri danga rinowedzera apo nyeredzi inopedza kutenderera kwayo kukuru kwehupenyu.

Chimiro uye maitiro

Mwongo unotora chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chechimiro chezuva. Zuva rakaita denderedzwa uye rakati sandarara pamatanda nekuda kwekutenderera kwaro. Chiyero chayo chemuviri (hydrostatic force) imhaka yehuremu hwemukati hwesimba regiravhiti rakakura iro rinoipa huremu hwaro uye kupinza kwemukati mekuputika. Kuputika uku kunogadzirwa nekuita kwenyukireya kwekusanganiswa kukuru kwehydrogen.

Yakagadzirwa muzvikamu, sehanyanisi. Aya ma layers ndeaya:

• Nucleus. Nzvimbo yemukati-kati. Inotora chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chenyeredzi uye ine radius yakazara inosvika 139.000 km. Apa ndipo pakaitika kuputika kukuru kweatomu pazuva. Simba rinokwevera mukati mepakati rakasimba zvekuti simba rinogadzirwa nenzira iyi rinotora miriyoni yemakore kuti risimuke kumusoro.
• Radiant zone. Inoumbwa neplasma (helium uye ionized hydrogen). Iyi nzvimbo inobvumira simba remukati kubva kuzuva kuti ribude nyore kunze, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kupisa munzvimbo iyi.
• convection zone. Munharaunda iyi, gasi haisisiri ionized, saka zvakanyanya kuoma kuti simba (mapikicha) kutizira kunze uye rinofanira kuitwa nekupisa kwemhepo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mvura inopisa zvisina kuenzana, zvichikonzera kuwedzera, kurasikirwa kwehuwandu, uye kukwira nekudonha kwemafungu, semafungu.
• Photosphere. Iyi inzvimbo inoburitsa chiedza chinooneka kubva kuzuva. Zvinotendwa semhodzi dzakajeka panzvimbo yakasviba, kunyange zvazvo iine chiedza chinenge makiromita 100 kusvika 200 yakadzika iyo inotendwa kuti inzvimbo yeZuva. Sunspots, nekuda kwekusikwa kwezvinhu munyeredzi pachayo.
• Chromosphere. Iyo yekunze layer yephotosphere pachayo inonyanya kupenya uye yakaoma kuona nekuti yakavharika nekupenya kweyapfuura layer. Inoyera makiromita anenge 10.000 XNUMX muhupamhi, uye panguva yekuora kwezuva inogona kuonekwa neine ruvara rutsvuku kunze.
• Zuva korona. Aya ndiwo akatetepa akaturikidzana ekunze kwezuva uye anodziya zvakanyanya kana achienzaniswa nemukati-kati. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvakavanzika zvisina kugadziriswa zvemhando yezuva. Kune kushomeka kwemazita uye simba remagineti rakadzikama, iro simba uye zvinhu zvinofamba nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, ndiko kunobva maX-ray akawanda.

tembiricha yezuva

Tembiricha yezuva inosiyana nenzvimbo uye yakakwirira kwazvo munzvimbo dzese. Mukati mayo tembiricha ari padyo ne1,36 x 106 Kelvin (anenge mamirioni gumi nemashanu madhigirii Celsius) anogona kurekodhwa, nepo pamusoro achiwira kunosvika 15 K (anenge 5778 ° C) uye zvino zvakare pamusoro pa1 kana 2 Simuka x 105 madhigirii Kelvin.

Zuva rinobudisa mwaranzi yakawanda yemagetsi, mamwe acho anogona kuonekwa sechiedza chezuva. Chiedza ichi chine simba rinoita 1368 W/m2 uye chinhambwe cheimwe astronomical unit (AU), chinova chinhambwe kubva paNyika kuenda kuzuva.

Simba iri rinodzikiswa nemhepo yepasi, zvichiita kuti 1000 W/m2 ipfuure nemo masikati akajeka. Chiedza chezuva chinoumbwa ne50% infrared light, 40% inooneka chiedza, uye 10% ultraviolet chiedza.

Sezvauri kuona, kutenda kune iyi nyeredzi iri pakati nepakati kuti tinogona kuva nehupenyu panyika yedu. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penguva yakaumbwa zuva uye maitiro aro.