Ozone rukoko

Mune akasiyana zvidimbu zvemuchadenga  kune dura rine ozone concentration yakanyanya kupfuura pasirese. Iyi ndiyo inonzi ozone layer. Iyi nharaunda iri mu stratosphere anenge makiromita makumi matanhatu pamusoro pegungwa ine mhedzisiro inodiwa kune hupenyu hwepasi.

Nekubuda kwemamwe magasi anokuvadza mudenga nemhepo nevanhu, rukoko urwu rwakave nekutetepa kunoisa panjodzi basa raro kwehupenyu hwepanyika. Nekudaro, nanhasi zvinoita kunge zviri kuzvidzorera. Iwe unoda kuziva kuti ibasa rei ozone rine basa uye kuti rakakosha zvakadii kuvanhu?

Ozone gasi

Kutanga kuziva kuti ibasa re ozone rine basa ripi, isu tinofanirwa kutanga taziva hunhu hwegasi rinoigadzira: ozone gasi. Yayo chemakemikari fomula ndeye O3, uye ndiyo allotropic fomu yeoksijeni, ndiko kuti, imwe yemaitiro ayo maanogona kuwanikwa mune zvakasikwa.

Ozone igasi rinoora riite oxygen yakajairika patembiricha dzakajairika uye kumanikidza. Zvimwechetezvo, iyo inopa inopinda inopinza sarufa uye iwo mavara ayo ari akapfava bhuruu. Dai ozone yaive pamusoro penyika ingadai iri muchetura kuzvirimwa nemhuka. Nekudaro, iriko zvakasikwa muozone layer uye pasina iyi yakanyanya kugadzikana kweiyi gasi mu stratosphere isu hatingakwanise kuenda kunze.

Basa reiyo ozone layer

Ozone inokosha inochengetedza hupenyu paPasi pevhu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nebasa rayo sedziviriro inodzivirira pamwaranzi yeultraviolet kubva kuZuva.Oozone inokonzeresa kutora mwaranzi yezuva inowanikwa mu iyo wavelength iri pakati pe280 ne320 nm.

Kana mwaranzi yezuva inonzi ultraviolet ichidonhera paozone, morekuru rinopinda muatomu okisijeni neakajairwa oxygen. Kana zvakajairika uye maatomu okisijeni akasangana zvakare mu stratosphere ivo vanodzokerana zvakare kugadzira ozone molecule. Aya maitiro anogara ari mu stratosphere uye ozone uye oksijeni zvinogara pamwe chete.

Makemikari maitiro eozone

Ozone igasi rinogona kuonekwa mune dutu remagetsi uye padyo nemagetsi makuru kana michina inopinza. Semuenzaniso, mumasanganisi, kana maspark achigadzirwa nekubatana kwemabhurashi, ozone inogadzirwa. Inogona kuzivikanwa nyore nekunhuhwirira.

Iyi gasi inogona kukonzeresa uye yoonekwa semvura isina kugadzikana yebhuruu. Nekudaro, kana ikagwamba ichapa dema-yepepuru ruvara. Mumatunhu maviri aya chinhu chinoputika kwazvo chakapihwa simba rayo rakakura.

Kana ozone ikaora ikaita chlorine, inokwanisa kusanganisa simbi zhinji uye, kunyangwe hazvo kusangana kwayo kuri kudiki kwazvo pamusoro penyika (ingangoita makumi maviri pb), inokwanisa kugadzira simbi.

Inorema uye inoshanda kupfuura oxygen. Iyo zvakare iri kuwedzera oxidizing, ndosaka ichishandiswa semushonga wokuuraya utachiona uye mushonga unouraya utachiona, nekuda kweiyo oxidation yebhakitiriya iyo inoitika. Yakave ichishandiswa kuchenesa mvura, kuparadza zvinhu zvakasikwa, kana mweya muzvipatara, ngarava dzepasi pemvura, nezvimwewo.

Ozone inogadzirwa sei mu stratosphere?

Ozone inogadzirwa kunyanya kana mamorekuru eoksijeni akaiswa kune yakawanda simba. Kana izvi zvikaitika, aya mamorekuru anova maatomu okisijeni mahara radicals. Iyi gasi haina kugadzikana zvakanyanya, saka kana ikasangana neayo mamwe mamorekuru eoksijeni, inosunga kuita ozone. Izvi zvinoitika mumasekondi maviri ega ega kana zvakadaro.

Mune ino kesi, iyo sosi yesimba iyo inoisa iyo yakajairwa okisijeni iri iyo yezuva ultraviolet mwaranzi. Ultraviolet radiation ndiyo inoparadzanisa mamorekuru okisijeni muatomu okisijeni. Kana maatomu uye mamorekuru eoksijeni mamorekuru akasangana uye oita ozone, inoparadzwa ichiteerana nekuita kweiyo ultraviolet radiation pachayo.

Iyo ozone layer iri kuenderera kugadzira uye kuparadza ozone mamorekuru, mamorekuru okisijeni neatomu okisijeni. Nenzira iyi, chiyero chine simba chinogadzirwa umo ozone inoparadzwa uye kuumbwa. Aya ndiwo maitiro anoita ozone sefaira isingaregi iyi radiation inokuvadza kupfuura pamusoro pePasi.

Iyo ozone rukoko

Izwi rekuti "ozone layer" pachayo rinowanzo sanzwisiswa. Ndokunge, pfungwa yacho ndeyekuti pane kumwe kukwirira mu stratosphere kune huwandu hwakawanda hweozone iyo inovhara uye inodzivirira Nyika. Zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvinomiririrwa sekunge denga rakafukidzwa neyakafukidza makore.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvisizvo. Ichokwadi ndechekuti ozone haina kudzikatidzwa mudanho, uye haisi panzvimbo yakati kurei, asi kuti igasi ishoma iro rakasanganiswa kwazvo mumhepo uye kuti, pamusoro pezvo, rinoonekwa kubva pasi kusvika kune stratosphere . Yatinoti "ozone layer" inzvimbo ye stratosphere panowanikwa mamorekuru e ozone iri pamusoro zvakanyanya (zvidimbu zvidiki pamiriyoni imwe) uye zvakakwirira kwazvo kupfuura kumwe kuzara kweozone pamusoro. Asi kusangana kwe ozone kufananidzwa neiyo yemamwe magasi ari mudenga, senge nitrogen, idiki miniscule.

Kana iyo ozone layer ikanyangarika, mwaranzi yezuva yeultraviolet yairova pasi chaipo pasina chero rudzi rwesefa uye yaizokonzeresa kuti iyo pasi isabatwe, kutsakatisa hupenyu hwese hwepanyika. 

Iko kusunganidzwa kweozone gasi mune iyo ozone layer iri zvikamu zvinenge gumi pamamirioni. Iko kusangana kwe stratospheric ozone kunosiyana nekukwirira, asi haimbopfuure zana rimwe remazana ezviuru zvemuchadenga mairi. Ozone igasi rinoshomeka zvekuti, kana pane imwe nguva isu taigona kuripatsanura kubva kune imwe mhepo uye kurikwevera pasi, raingove 3mm gobvu.

Ozone layer kuparadza

Iyo ozone layer yakatanga kudzikira kumashure muma 70s, apo chiito chinokuvadza chegasi senitrogen oxide pairi chakaonekwa. Aya magasi akadzingwa nendege dzinoshamisa.

Nitrous oxide inopindirana neozone inokonzeresa nitric oxide uye yakajairwa okisijeni. Kunyangwe izvi zvikaitika, chiitiko pane ozone diki hachina. Iwo magasi anonyatsokuvadza ozone layer maCFC (chloro-fluoro-macarbon). Aya magasi mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwemakemikari ekugadzira.

Kekutanga nguva yekufunga kwekuderera kweiyo ozone layer yaive muna 1977 muAntarctica. Muna 1985 zvaive zvichikwanisika kuyera kuti iyo inokuvadza ultraviolet radiation kubva kuSuva yakanga yawedzera kagumi uye kuti ozone layer pamusoro peAntarctica yakanga yaderera ne40%. Kubva ipapo ndipo payakatanga kutaura nezve ozone hole.

Kutetepa kweiyo ozone layer kwaive kwakavanzika kwenguva refu. Tsananguro dzine chekuita nematanho ezuva kana simba rezvemuchadenga zvinoita kunge zvisina hwaro uye mazuva ano zvinoita sekunge zviri kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekubuda kwefron (Chlorofluorocarbon kana CFC), gasi rinoshandiswa muindasitiri yeaerosol, mapurasitiki uye firiji pamwe nemhepo macircuit.

MaCFF magasi akatsiga mudenga, nekuti haana chepfu uye haapise. Izvi zvinovapa hupenyu hwakareba, zvichikubvumidza iwe kuparadza ozone mamorekuru ari munzira yako kwenguva refu.

Kana iyo Ozone Layer ikaparadzwa, kuwedzera kweiyo UV radiation kwaizokonzeresa njodzi nhevedzano yekuchinja kwehupenyu senge kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvirwere zvinotapukira uye gomarara reganda.

Kune rimwe divi, kugadzirwa kwemagreenhouse gases (akaburitswa kubva pasi pevhu neichi chiito kunyanya chevanhu) izvo zvinogadzira izvo zvinonzi "Greenhouse mhedzisiro", zvinozokonzeresa kudziya kwepasirese nekushanduka kwenzvimbo mu tembiricha, zvinozokonzeresa kukwira kwenzvimbo yegungwa semhedzisiro, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, yekunyunguduka zvishoma nezvishoma kwemazana makuru echando chePolar.

Izvi zvakafanana nehove inoruma muswe wayo. Iyo yakanyanya kuwanda mwaranzi yezuva inobata pamusoro penyika, inowedzera kukanganiswa kwetembiricha. Kana isu tikawedzera mhedzisiro yekudziya kwepasirese kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kweye greenhouse mhedzisiro uye huwandu hwepamusoro hwemwaranzi yeUV kubva kuZuva pamazaya echando seAntarctica, tinogona kuona kuti Pasi rakanyudzwa munzvimbo kupisa kunopisirwa nezvayo zvese.

Sezvauri kuona, iyo ozone layer yakakosha kukosha kune hupenyu hwepasi, zvese kuvanhu, pamwe nezvinomera nemhuka. Kuchengeta ozone layer mune yakanaka mamiriro chinhu chakakosha uye kune izvi, hurumende dzinofanira kuenderera dzichishanda pakurambidzwa kwemweya wemweya unoparadza ozone.