El roman climatic optimum kana kuti medieval, dzimwe nguva kunonzi kudziya kwepasirese kwegore rechiuru kana chakashongedzwa churu, yaive nguva yekudziya zvisina kujairika munharaunda yeNorth Atlantic iyo yakatora kubva munenge muzana ramakore rechigumi kusvika kune rechigumi nemana. Climatic optima inowanzotaurwa munhaurirano dzinokurudzira gakava riripo pamusoro pekudziya kwepasi. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinonongedza kunguva iyi semamiriro ekunze ekare ekutonhora kwepasirese uye/kana kuratidza kukosha kwemhedzisiro yayo kupfuura iyo anecdotal nzvimbo yekushisa. Mamiriro ekunze eRoma aive nemazinga etembiricha akakwira kupfuura yakazotevera Little Ice Age, yakanyatso kuenzana nema1990s, asi yaisazosvika patembiricha "yepasi rose" yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza nezve hunhu hweRoman climatic optimum uye kuti vakakanganisa sei nyika.
Roman climatic yakanaka
Kubva pazera rekupedzisira rechando, rhythms yemamiriro ekunze yakavhiringwa kakawanda. Iyo Idiki Ice Age uye Yepakati Inodziya Period Zvikamu zviviri kubva mumakore zviuru zviviri apfuura. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemagwaro enhoroondo echokwadi anofukidza Pasi rose uye kushaikwa kwemhando dzepamusoro-soro dzinotitendera kugadzira patsva mamiriro ekunze, hatisati taziva mazuva chaiwo, maamplitudes etembiricha, kana mwero wenzvimbo. Izvi zvinoita sezvinokwanisa kusiyana zvichienderana nehemisphere uye main biogeographical regions.
Zvinoenderana neapo nhoroondo uye paleoclimatic data, paiva nemamiriro ekunze eRoma akanaka (nguva inopisa kwazvo), ane mazuva ekutanga uye ekupedzisira anoramba asina kujeka. MuEuropean Middle Ages, yaizoonekwa yakapoteredza 950 kusvika 1350. Zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvechiitiko ichi chemamiriro ekunze uye yakatevera Little Ice Age yakaitwa zvakanyanya muEurope, uko chiitiko chinoratidzika sechinonyanya kuoneka uye, pamusoro pezvose, zvakanyanya. zviri nani kunyorwa.
Zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakapfuura
Pakutanga, kuchinja kwekushisa kwaifungidzirwa kuva kwepasi rose. Zvisinei, maonero aya ane nharo. Chirevo cha2001 chakaitwa neIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change chakapfupisa mamiriro eruzivo, sekureva kwenyanzvi uye mapaneru esainzi mukati mesangano: "... chokwadi chiripo hachitibvumire kuti 'kune nguva yekutonhora kana yekudziya yakawiriraniswa. zvisina kujairika panguva yekutariswa, uye mazwi echinyakare 'diki ice age' uye 'Roman climatic optimum'. hadzina basa shoma pakutsanangura mafambiro eavhareji yekushanduka kwetembiricha mukati memazana mashoma emakore apfuura".
Maererano neUS Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Agency (NOAA), "pfungwa yehemispheric kana yepasirese 'medieval climate optimum' ingadai yakadziya kupfuura yazvino. Kana chimwe chinhu, hachisati chawanikwa" uye kuti "maitiro aripo anoratidza kuti pakanga pasina nguva yakareba, tembiricha yehemisphere kana yepasi rose inogona kusvika kana kupfuura tembiricha yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX”.
Dzimwe paleoclimatologists dzinoshanda pakuvaka patsva kwenzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze dzinowanzoreva nguva inotonhora zvakanyanya se "Little Ice Age" uye nguva inodziya se "Medieval Global Warming". Vamwe vanotevera kokorodzano, uye pavanoziva chiitiko chikuru chemamiriro okunze mukati meLittle Ice Age, kana kuti mamiriro okunze akanaka, vanobatanidza zviitiko zvavo nenguva iyoyo. Naizvozvo, zvimwe zvezvakanakisa mamiriro ekunze inguva dzekuwedzera hunyoro kana kutonhora, pane kudziya kwakanyanyisa nguva, uye izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya pakati peAntarctica, uko kwakapesana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze maitiro akanyorwa muNorth Atlantic.
Roman climatic optimum munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi
North Atlantic uye North America
MaViking akatora mukana wemakungwa asina aizi kuti atore Greenland nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri kure kure kuchamhembe. Iyo PCM yakateverwa neLittle Ice Age, nguva yekutonhora yakagara kusvika muzana ramakore re800. MuChesapeake Bay (USA), vaongorori vakawana shanduko huru yekudziya panguva yemamiriro ekunze akanaka (anenge makore 1300-1400) uye Little Ice Age (anenge 1850-XNUMX makore), ayo inogona kunge yakabatana nekuchinja kwekusimba kweNorth Atlantic thermohaline kutenderera.
Madhamu anobva muPyrmont Swamp muLower Hudson Valley, New York, USA, anopupurira nhambo inodziya, yakaoma yeMiddle Ages pakati pe800 ne1300. Kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu kwakakanganisa mativi okumadokero kweUnited States, zvikurukuru kumabvazuva kweCalifornia uye kumadokero kweGreat Basin. Alaska yaifanira kusangana nemafungu matatu ekupisa akafanana: kubva 3 kusvika 1 A.D. C., kubva 300 kusvika 850 uye mushure me1200.
Panguva yemamiriro ekunze akanaka, viticulture yakapararira kubva kuchamhembe kweEurope kusvika kumaodzanyemba kweEngland, kuchiripo nanhasi.
Dzimwe nzvimbo
Mamiriro ekunze ekuEastern Equatorial Africa akachinjana pakati pekuoma kupfuura nhasi uye kunyorova. Mamiriro okunze akaoma zvikuru akaitika munguva yepakati pemamiriro ekunze ekunze, akapoteredza 1000 kusvika 1270.
Mazaya echando anobva kumabvazuva kweBransfield Basin paAntarctic Peninsula anoratidza zvakajeka chiitiko cheLittle Ice Age uye mamiriro ekunze akakwana ekare. Makarotsi akasiiwa kuti asiyanise nguva yekutonhora kwakapoteredza 1000-1100 AD AD inonyatsoratidza chokwadi chekuti mamiriro ekunze akanaka ipfungwa inofamba, uye panguva iyi "inodziya", panogona kuve nekudziya kwenzvimbo panguva imwe chete (kuNorth Pole) uye kutonhora (panguva inodziya". South Pole).
Tsvagiridzo yePacific makorari sinoratidza kuti inotonhorera, yakaoma mamiriro angave akaenderera mberi kusvika mumireniyamu yechipiri, zvinoenderana nezvinogoneka kuratidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kweLa Niña. Kunyangwe data yeAustralia iri shoma kwazvo (mamiriro ekunze akanaka uye Idiki Ice Age), humbowo hwekuumbwa kwematombo husingaite hunoratidza hunyoro husingagumi muLake Eyre kumaodzanyemba. Muzana remakore rechiXNUMX neregumi, izvi zvaienderana nechiitiko cheLa Niña, kunyange zvazvo pachezvayo zvakanga zvisina kukwana kuratidza kuchinja kwegore negore mumazinga emadziva kana mamiriro ekunze mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAustralia.
Adhikari naKumon, avo vakatora sediment samples kubva kuLake Nakatsuna pakati peJapan, vakacherekedzawo kuvepo kwemamiriro ekunze akanaka uye yakazotevera Little Ice Age.
Muna 1996, carbon-14 dating yemasamples emugungwa reSargasso yakaratidza kuti mukati meLittle Ice Age, tembiricha yepasi pegungwa yaive yakaderera ne1°C kupfuura panguva ye1960-1990, uye panguva yeRoman climatic optimum yaive yakakwira kupfuura panguva yechando. nguva 1960-1990. 1990 nguva yakapoteredza 1°C.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Roman climatic optimum.