La optical refraction Chiitiko chinoitika kana chiedza chikadonha zvisina tsarukano pakupatsanurwa pamusoro pemidhiya miviri, saka mwenje unochinja kwakananga nekumhanya. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu optics uye physics pamwe nekuongorora nyeredzi.
Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve optical refraction, maitiro ayo uye kukosha kwayo.
Chii chinonzi optical refraction
Optical refraction inoreva kutamiswa kwemasaisai emwenje kubva kune imwe svikiro kuenda kune imwe panguva yekuparadzira, uye ipapo kutungamira kwavo nekumhanya kwavo nekukasika. Iyo inzira ine chekuita nekuratidzwa kwechiedza uye inogona kuratidza panguva imwe chete.
Chiedza chinogona kufamba muma media media senge vacuum, mvura, mhepo, madhaimani, girazi, quartz, glycerin, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoonekera kana translucent zvinhu. Mukati mepakati, chiedza chinofamba nekumhanya kwakasiyana.
Semuenzaniso, chiedza chinodzokororwa kana uchifamba kubva kumhepo kuenda kumvura, uko kona nekumhanya kwekufamba kunoshanduka. Izvi zvinotevera zvinotora chikamu mune chero chiitiko chechiedza refraction:
- chiitiko mheni: mwaranzi unosvika pamusoro pakati pemidhiya miviri.
- refracted ray: Mwaranzi wechiedza unokombama kana masaisai achifamba pamusoro penzvimbo.
- Normal: Mutsara wekufungidzira perpendicular kumusoro, wakasimbiswa kubva panzvimbo iyo maranzi maviri anosangana.
- Angle yezviitiko: Kona iri pakati pemwaranzi wechiitiko neyakajairwa.
- refraction angle: Kona pakati pemwaranzi yakadzoserwa uye yakajairika.
Optical refraction phenomenon
Kana chiedza chikawira panzvimbo inoparadzanisa midhiya miviri, se mhepo nemvura, chikamu chechiedza chechiitiko chinoratidzwa, nepo chimwe chikamu chinodzokororwa uye chichipfuura nepakati pechipiri.
Nepo chiitiko cherefraction chinoshanda kunyanya kumafungu akareruka, pfungwa dzinoshanda kune chero wave, kusanganisira ruzha uye magetsi emagetsi.
Mitemo yakaitwa naHuygens inodzora kufamba kwemafungu ose inozadzikiswa:
- Chiitiko chacho, chinoratidzwa uye miranzi yakadzoserwa inorara mundege imwechete.
- The angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are equal., kunzwisisa neakadaro makona akaumbwa nechiitiko ray uye ray yakaratidza, maererano, perpendicular kune nzvimbo yekuparadzanisa inotorwa panzvimbo yechiitiko.
Kumhanya kwechiedza kunoenderana nenzvimbo yainofamba nayo, ye saka iyo denser iyo zvinhu, inononoka kumhanya kwechiedza uye zvinopesana. Saka kana chiedza chikafamba kubva pakadzika midzi (mhepo) kuenda kune yakakora yepakati (girazi), mwaranzi yemwenje inodzorwa pedyo neyakajairwa, saka kona yerefraction ichave shoma pane kona yechiitiko.
Saizvozvo, kana mwaranzi wechiedza ukapfuura kubva kune denser medium kuenda kune kushomeka kwepakati, zvicharamba kubva pane zvakajairika, kuitira kuti kona yezviitiko ive shoma pane yekona refraction.
Kukosha
Tambotaura kuti optical refraction ichiitiko chemuviri chinoitika kana chiedza chichipfuura kubva kune imwe svikiro kuenda kune imwe ine density dzakasiyana. Ichi chiitiko chakakosha zvikuru muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzesainzi uye tekinoroji.
Imwe yemuenzaniso unozivikanwa we optical refraction ndiko kuumbwa kwemuraraungu. Kana chiedza chezuva chikapfuura nemumadonhwe emvura ari mumhepo, chiedza chinodzokororwa uye chinopararira pamasaisai akasiyana-siyana, nokudaro zvichigadzira ruvara rwakasiyana-siyana rwatinoona mumiraraungu. Chiitiko ichi chinoshandiswawo mukugadzira lens optics uye mukugadzira zviridzwa zvemaziso, semalenzi ekhamera, maikorosikopu, uye teresikopu.
Uyewo, optical refraction yakakosha mukugadziriswa kwekuona kwevanhu. Kana chiedza chikapinda muziso redu, chinodzokororwa kuburikidza necornea uye lens kuumba mufananidzo pa retina. Kana ziso rikasanyatsobvisa chiedza, rinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekuona sekuona zviri pedyo, kuona zviri kure, uye astigmatism. Malenzi ekuona anogadzirisa aya matambudziko ekuona uye anobvumira mwenje kuti unyatso kudzorwa muziso.
Muindasitiri, optical refraction inoshandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zvakajeka uye kuyerwa kwekusangana kwemhinduro. Mumushonga, refraction yemaziso inoshandiswa kuyera density uye refraction ye biological tissues. kubvumira kuonekwa kwekutanga kwezvirwere.
Pasina refraction yemaziso, kufungidzira, kururamisa kuona, kugadzirwa kwemalenzi uye zvimwe zviridzwa zvemaziso, kuona chirwere, uye kumwe kufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji kunovandudza hupenyu hwedu hazvaigona.
Mienzaniso ye optical refraction
Mimwe mienzaniso yakajairika ye optical refraction inogona kuwanikwa mune zvinotevera zviitiko:
- Teaspoon mu teacup: Patinoisa chipunu mukapu yetii, tinogona kuona kuti chinoputsika sei. Ndiwo mhedzisiro yekudzokororwa kwechiedza inoburitsa iyi yekuona illusion. Chiitiko chimwe chetecho chinoitika patinoisa penzura kana sadza mumvura. Aya akakomberedzwa ekunyepa anogadzirwa nekuda kwekudzokororwa kwechiedza.
- Murarabungu: Muraravungu unokonzerwa nekupenya kwechiedza apo ichipfuura nemumadonhwe madiki emvura akarembera mumhepo. Sezvo chiedza chichipinda munzvimbo iyi, chinoputsika uye chinogadzira mavara ane mavara.
- zuva halo: Ichi chiitiko chakaita semurarabungu chinoitika kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi kana pasi pemamiriro ekunze chaiwo. Izvi zvinogadzirwa kana mazaya echando akaungana mutroposphere, mwenje unopenya uye uchitsemura, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kusiyanisa mhete dzine mavara dzakatenderedza magetsi.
- Chiedza chinodzokororwa mudhaimani: Madhaimani zvakare anofuratira chiedza, achichipatsanura kuita akawanda mavara.
- Magirazi uye magirazi ekukudza: Magirazi ekukudza uye lenzi atinoshandisa akavakirwa pamusimboti wekupenya kwechiedza, nekuti ivo vanofanirwa kutora mwenje uye kukanganisa chifananidzo kuitira kuti chidudzirwe neziso rakashama.
- zuva mugungwa: Tinogona kuona chiedza chezuva chichichinja kona uye kumhanya, uye chichipararira sezvachinopfuura nepamusoro pepamusoro uye kunze kugungwa.
- Chiedza kuburikidza negirazi rakasvibiswa: Chiedza refraction inoitikawo kuburikidza negirazi kana kristaro, iyo inosefa chiedza uye ichiparadzira munzvimbo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve optical retraction uye maitiro ayo.