Zvisaririra zvinokosha zvikuru kana zvasvika pakuziva zvakapfuura zvezvipenyu zvaimbogara pasi rino. Imwe yemafossils ayo anogona kupa ruzivo rwakawanda kune iwo opalized fossils. Chimedu cheovha chakawanikwa pachitsuwa cheJava muIndonesia uye chine zvinoshamisa. Icho chipembenene chakachengetedzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu anokatyamadza chinogona kunge chiri pakati pemakore mana kusvika 4 miriyoni uye ndicho chakasarudzika kuwanikwa kusvika nhasi.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve opalized fossils uye ruzivo rwakakura rwavanogona kutipa.
Opalized fossils
Kusvika ikozvino, zvipembenene zvakawanda zvekare zvakawanikwa muamber, dombo rakakosha rakagadzirwa kubva kufossil resins yechirimwa. Kana mhuka dzakavharirwa mune nyowani resin, iwe unovaviga nekukurumidza kuchengetedza zvakasara, kazhinji zvakapfava.
Nekudaro, kuumbwa kwechisikigo kweopal kunosanganisira kuwandisa kwesilica mhinduro mumapako epasi kwezviuru kana kunyange mamirioni emakore, zvichimutsa mubvunzo wekuchengetedza sei zvipembenene nenzira iyi.
Mwana wenyoka ane makore 99 miriyoni ekuberekwa akawanikwa muamber, inova yekutanga yerudzi rwayo. Iyo fossil inenge 5 cm kureba uye ine 97 vertebrae. Iyi ndiyo nyoka diki yekutanga kuwanikwa, uye ndiyo zvakare nyoka yekutanga kuwanikwa muamber. Vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti vakawana chidimbu cheganda renyoka yakakura muzvidimbu zvakasiyana.
Zvisaririra nezvipembenene
Ichi chinhu chisingagoneke zvisingaite, asi ndizvo zvakaita zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshamisa uye zvinoshamisa mumasikirwo kuti tinotenda kuti haako kana kuti haagoneki, kutozosvikira aonekwa kuti ndeechokwadi. Sample parizvino iri mumaoko ega uye haisati yadzidzwa zvakadzama nepaleontologists kana geochemists. Zvakadaro, kana zvikasimbiswa, kuwanikwa uku hakungomiriri chete kusingazivikanwe kwezvisaririra zvinokosha, zvinogonawo kuchinja manzwisisiro atinoita matombo anokosha akakurumbira.
Iyi muenzaniso inozivikanwa kuvapo kubva 2017, uye mufananidzo wechipembenene chechipiri chingave chiripo mune opal kubva kumugodhi wakafanana weJava wakaonekwawo. Zvisinei, sezvo iwe chete wakazviona mumufananidzo uye usina kubudisa chero tsvakurudzo yesayenzi, zvakaoma kuti iwe utaure maonero akarurama pane izvi.
Mazhinji opal fossils akawanikwa paLighting Ridge muAustralia, kunyangwe maitiro acho akasiyana. Kana iyo silica mhinduro inozadza ivhu nzvimbo inogarwa nemapfupa nemazino uye inoshanduka kuita opal, aya "anotsiva" mafossils anoumbwa, senge gelatin muforoma. Phil Bell, a paleontologist paYunivhesiti yeNew England kuArmidale, Australia munguva ichangopfuura iyi yakatsanangura rudzi rutsva rwemadhinosaur kubva pazvimedu zvezvisaririra zvakashandurwa kuva opal neiyi nzira.
Opalized fossils yakafamba pasi kwemamiriyoni emakore, yakapwanyika, inopisa, nezvimwe. Kunyange zvazvo zvisingabviri, zvakajairika kusava nechokwadi nepfungwa yokuti zvipembenene zvinochengetwa nenzira iyi. Opalized Javanese wood fossils yakajairika, zvichiratidza kuti resin yechirimwa inogona kuiswa muopal.
Kukosha kwe opalized fossils
Mazhinji opal fossils akawanikwa paLighting Ridge muAustralia, kunyange zvazvo nzira yacho yakasiyana. Kana iyo silica mhinduro inozadza ivhu nzvimbo inogarwa nemapfupa nemazino uye inoshanduka kuita opal, aya "anotsiva" mafossils anoumbwa, senge gelatin muforoma. Phil Bell, nyanzvi ye<em>paleontologist paYunivhesiti yeNew England muArmidale, Australia, munguva pfupi yapfuura akarondedzera rudzi rutsva rwe<em>dinosaur kubva pazvidimbu zvezvisaririra zvakashandurwa kuva opal neiyi nzira.
Opalized fossils yakafamba pasi kwemamiriyoni emakore, yakapwanyika, inopisa, nezvimwe. Kunyange zvazvo zvisingabviri, zvakajairika kusava nechokwadi nepfungwa yokuti zvipembenene zvinochengetwa nenzira iyi. Opalized Javanese huni zvisaririra zvakajairika, izvo zvinoratidza kuti resin yemiti inogona kuiswa mu opal.
Opals inowanzozadza mapeji. Muchiitiko ichi, trunk inogona kuva opal uye chikamu chayo che amber chinogona kubatwa. Muenzaniso unozivikanwa weamber yekuCanada wakazadza mapanga nechidimbu chehuni, chakabva chashanduka kuita silica kunze. Iyo nyowani nyowani inogona kunge yakafamba nenzira yakafanana, asi ichiri kungofungidzira kusvikira kuongororwa kwemakemikari uye vaongorori vakanyatsoongorora kuchengetedzwa kwetumbuyu.
vaAmoni
Zvisaririra zveAmoni zvinobva kumamoni kubva kumacephalopod mollusks. Zvisikwa izvi zvakagara pasi redu makore 400 miriyoni apfuura, kusvika 65 miriyoni makore apfuura, meteorite huru ine dhayamita yemakiromita gumi yakaparadza 10% yemarudzi ePasi, kusanganisira mutambi wedu. Asi kunyange zvisikwa zvakaderera zvinogona kuita chiratidzo panyika.
Kunyange zvazvo maumbirwo acho ari nyore, masasi eamoni anopa ruzivo rwakanyanya kune paleontologists uye anogona kushandiswa kuziva zera nekudzidza kwematombo ematombo pane dzimwe nguva.
MaAmoni imhuka dzemugungwa dzakabudirira muPaleozoic neMesozoic Era, idzo ihama dzakapera dze squid, octopus, cuttlefish, uye nautilus dzatinoziva nhasi. Nekuda kwechimiro chakasiyana chegoko, vanogona kushambira uye goko rakakamurwa kuita nhevedzano yemakamuri emhepo.
Mhepo inopa mhuka kufara uye maammonites anoshandisa jet propulsion kufamba mugungwa semacephalopods emazuva ano.
Sezvo maammonites achingogara munzvimbo dzemugungwa, kuvepo kwavo kunoratidza nzvimbo yemakungwa prehistoric seGungwa reTethys. Zviuru zvezvipenyu zvakatsanangurwa uye zvakagoverwa mune ingangoita 1.800 genera nenzira dzakasiyana. Ammonite imhuka yemugungwa inodzivirirwa negoko rimwe chete rakaumbwa kubva kune mineral inonzi aragonite, inowanzokuvadzwa mumhepo yakatsetseka, inosvika 2 metres muhupamhi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve opalized fossils, kukosha kwavo uye ruzivo rwaungatipa nezve mhuka dzekare.