Kudzidza mamiriro ekunze kunosanganisira kuomarara kukuru uye nebasa rakakura. Naizvozvo, iyo Mubayiro wemamiriro ekunze weNobel mubairo 2021 kumasayendisiti matatu ane kudzidza mufizikiki uye mamiriro ekunze kwakatyora machati. Vakahwina Mubayiro weNobel ndiSyukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, naGiorgio Parisi. Aya masayendisiti matatu akakwanisa kutsanangura chimwe chezvinhu zvakaomarara kunzwisisa musainzi.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve 2021 Nobel Prize Yemamiriro ekunze uye kukosha kwayo.
Mubayiro weNobel weMamiriro ekunze 2021
Chiitiko ichi chakaomarara zvekuti chakadaidzwa kunzi maitiro akaomarara epanyama. Iro zita chairo rinoratidza kuoma kwekunzwisisa kwayo. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kubva kubva kuatomiki kuenda kune zviyero zvepuraneti uye inokanganisa zvese hunhu hwemaerekitironi akajairwa nemamiriro ekunze epasi rese. Saka kukosha kwayo.
NeChipiri, iyo Swedish Academy yakamupa iye nerubatsiro rwake pakutsvagisa uye nezvaakaita pakudziya kwepasirese, uye akamupa mubairo wakakurumbira weNobel muFizikiki. Masayendisiti matatu, Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann naGiorgio Parisi, mapiyona ekutsvagisa masisitimu akaomarara uye dzimwe nyanzvi mukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, vakaziviswa sevakakunda iyo 2021 edition.
Munyori weSweden Academy yeSainzi, Göran Hansson, akaputsa nhau, achiona kuti mubairo wakapihwa vaongorori ava ndewemipiro yavo mitsva pakunzwisisa kwedu maitiro akaomarara epanyama. Mubairo uyu, pamwe nemubhadharo wezvekurapa, zvemakemikari uye zvinyorwa zvakaziviswa svondo rino, zvichapihwa pamhemberero yemubairo muStockholm muna Zvita 8.
Sekureva kweSweden Academy, Giorgio Parisi ane makore makumi manomwe nematatu wekuItaly akahwina mubairo wakakosha wekutsvaga "mapatani akavanzika mune zvakaomarara uye zvakashata zvinhu." Kuwanikwa kwake ndechimwe chezvakakosha mipiro kune dzidziso yematanho akaomarara.
Syukuro Manabe anobva kuJapan naKlaus Hasselmann anobva kuGerman vakahwina mibairo yezvipo zvavo "zvakakosha" mukuenzanisira kwemamiriro ekunze. Manabe, makumi mapfumbamwe, inoratidza kukura kuri kuita kabhoni dhayokisaidhi mumhepo inoita kuti tembiricha yepasi ive nesimba. Iri basa rakaisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze dzazvino. Nenzira imwecheteyo, Klauss Hasselmann, 89, akapayona kugadzirwa kwemhando inobatanidza mamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze.
Maitiro akaomarara
Maitiro akaomarara pane atomiki uye mapuraneti anogona kugoverana mamwe maitiro, senge nyonganiso uye kusagadzikana, uye hunhu hunoratidzika kunge hunodzorwa netsaona.
Parisi akaita mupiro wake wekutanga kutsvagurudzo yake mufizikiki nekuongorora chiwanikwa chesimbi chinonzi girazi.kana kutenderera, umo maatomu esimbi akasanganiswa zvakasarudzika mukati meatomu emhangura. Kunyangwe paine maatomu mashoma esimbi, anoshandura magineti echinhu icho nenzira dzinonakidza uye dzinovhiringidza.
Parisi ane makore makumi manomwe nematatu okuberekwa akawana kuti mitemo yakavanda inokanganisa maitiro anoita kunge akasimba ezvigadzirwa uye akawana nzira yekuitsanangura masvomhu. Basa rake rinoshanda kwete chete kune fizikisi, asi zvakare kune akasiyana akasiyana masvomhu senge masvomhu, biology, neuroscience, uye muchina kudzidza (kwekunyepedzera ungwaru).
Dare rakataura kuti zvakawanikwa nasayendisiti "Ita kuti zvikwanisike kuti vanhu vanzwisise uye vatsanangure zvakawanda zvakasiyana uye sezviri pachena zvinhu zvisina kujairika uye zviitiko". Swedish Academy ikozvino inoona girazi rinotenderera senzira yekushomeka kwemamiriro ekunze epasi nekutsvagisa kwakaitwa naManab naHasselmann makore akazotevera. Uye zvakaoma kufungidzira hunhu hwenguva refu hwegadziriro dzakaomarara dzemuviri, senge mamiriro ekunze epasi redu.
Manabe, uyo aishanda kuPrinceton University kuUnited States, akatungamira kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze muma1960, zvichitungamira mukufunga kuti mweya we carbon dioxide uri kupisa pasi. Nekuda kwemabatiro ayo akashata, mamiriro ekunze epasi redu anoonekwa seyakaomesesa maitiro epanyama. Saizvozvowo, Hasselman akashandisa ongororo yake kupindura mubvunzo wekuti nei mamodheru emamiriro ekunze achigona kuvimbika, kunyangwe mamiriro ekunze achichinja uye aine mhirizhonga.
Aya mamodheru emakomputa anogona kufanotaura kuti pasi richaita sei kumhepo inokanganisa gasi inokoshesa pakunzwisisa kwedu kudziya kwepasi.
Sekutsanangura kwakaita Yale University Muzvinafundo John Wettlaufer, chiremba wefizikisi wemuItaly ari 'kuvaka kubva mukusagadzikana uye nekuchinja-chinja kwemaitiro akaomarara padanho diki', uye basa raSyukuro Manabe rinonongedzera ku 'tora izvo zvikamu zveimwechete maitiro. Uye vaise pamwe chete kuti vafanoze maitiro ehurongwa hwakaomarara hwemuviri. "" Kunyangwe vachigovera mibairo pakati pechikamu chemamiriro ekunze nechikamu chedambudziko, zviripo zvinoenderana, "akatsanangura kudaro.
Kukosha kweiyo 2021 Nobel Prize Yemamiriro ekunze
Imwe yeiyo mhedzisiro inosiiwa nesarudzo, kunyanya musarudzo dzeManabe neHasselman, ndeye kukwezvera vanhu kumatambudziko emamiriro ekunze.
Sekureva kwaWettlaufer, kubudikidza nemubairo, Komiti yeNobel yakaratidza "hunyambiri pakati pekudzidza mamiriro ekunze epasi (kubva pamamirimita kusvika pakukura kwepasi) nebasa raGiorgio Parisi." Dr. Martin Juckes, mukuru wezve kutsvagurudza mumhepo sayenzi Iye munhu uye mutevedzeri wemukuru weBritish Center for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) akataura kuti achiona masayendisiti achihwina Mubayiro weNobel muFizikiki nebasa ravo pamamiriro ekunze "inhau dzakanaka".
"Kuomarara kwemaitiro emamiriro ekunze, pamwe nekutyisidzira kwedambudziko remamiriro ekunze, kuri kuenderera mberi kupokana nemasayendisiti emamiriro ekunze nhasi," iye akati.
Sezvauri kuona, dambudziko remamiriro ekunze ratiri kutarisana naro muzana rino rinoita kuti vesaenzi vaise pachena kana kukwanisa kuwana mhinduro dzinogoneka. Shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inotyisidzira kushandura nyika yatinoziva uye mazhinji masystem edu ehupfumi anoda kudzikama kwatinako mumamiriro ekunze nhasi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kukosha kweNobel Prize yeMamiriro ekunze 2021 uye ndeapi maitiro ayo.