Ndekekutanga kuwanikwa nanoplastic kusvibiswa pamatanda ePasi. Nanoplastic tsvina inoumbwa netunhu tudiki, tunonzi nanoplastics, zvinosanganisira huruva yematai. Zvinoshamisa kuti kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki yepasi rose kwakawanikwa mumazaya echando kubva makore makumi mashanu apfuura.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve nanoplastic kusvibiswa, mavambo ayo, migumisiro yehutano uye tsvakurudzo iri kuitwa, tinoitsanangura pasi apa.
Nanoplastic kusvibiswa kunowanikwa munzvimbo mbiri dzepolar
Inguva yekutanga kuti kusvibiswa ne nanoplastics kwaonekwa munzvimbo dzepolar. Izvi zvichireva kuti twudiki twudiki twave kuwanikwa pasi rose. Nanoparticles idiki muhukuru pane microplastics. Nekudaro, huturu hwayo hwakanyanya, kazhinji. Kunyange zvazvo migumisiro pahutano hwevanhu, zvose nanoplastics uye microplastics, hazvina kujeka.
Ongororo yepakati peGreenland ice sheet inoratidza izvozvo nanoplastic kusvibiswa kwakasvibisa nzvimbo dziri kure kweanenge makore 50. Vatsvakurudzi vakashamiswawo kuona kuti chikamu chechina chezvikamu zvakabva kumatairi emotokari. Iwo nanoparticles ane density yakaderera kwazvo, saka zvinotendwa kuti akaunzwa kuGreenland nemhepo kubva kumaguta eNorth America neAsia. Nanoplastics yakawanikwa muaizi yegungwa muMcMurdo Sound yeAntarctica ingangove ichiendeswa kumakondinendi ari kure nemafungu egungwa.
Masayendisiti akashuma muna Ndira 18 kuti plastiki chikamu chemusanganiswa wekusvibiswa kwemakemikari wakapinda pasirese kupfuura miganhu yakachengeteka kuvanhu. Kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki kwakawanikwa kubva pamusoro peMount Everest kusvika pasi pegungwa. Vanhu vanozivikanwa kudya uye kufema microplastics vasingazvizive, uye imwe ongororo ichangoburwa yakawana izvozvo zvidimbu izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kumasero evanhu. Dušan Materić weUtrecht University kuNetherlands, uyo akatungamira chidzidzo chitsva ichi, akati vaona nanoplastics mumakona ari kure epasi, kusanganisira Antarctica neArctic. Nanoplastics inofananidzwa ne microplastics inoshanda zvikuru, saka izvi zvakakosha.
Nanoplastic kusvibiswa: hapana chitsva muzana rino ramakore
Greenland ice cores ine 14 metres yakadzika uye inomiririra mazaya echando kubva kune gore 1965. Materić anoti chakanyanya kumushamisa hachisi chekuti vakawana nanoplastics ipapo, asi inyaya yekuti vakaonekwa mukati me ice core. Kunyange zvazvo nanoplastics yave ichionekwa sechinhu chitsva chinosvibisa, chave chiripo kwemakumi emakore. Microplastics yakatowanikwa muArctic ice, asi timu yaMaterić yaifanira kugadzira nzira nyowani dzekuona dzekuongorora madiki nanoparticles. Basa rakapfuura rakaratidzawo kuti guruva rakapfeka matayi rinogona kunge riri hombe yemicroplastics mugungwa, uye chidzidzo chitsva chinopa humbowo hwekuti izvi zviri kuitika pasi rose.
Nanoplastics inobva kupi?
MuGreenland, hafu yenanoplastics ndeye polyethylene (PE), iyo inoshandiswa mumabhegi epurasitiki uye kurongedza kwakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kumwe chete. A quarter vari tire granules uye cheshanu i polyethylene terephthalate (PET), iyo inoshandiswa mu mabhodhoro ezvinwiwa nembatya.
Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave nechiratidzo chehuwandu husingaverengeki hwepurasitiki mumakungwa. Maererano neongororo yakaitwa, iyo huru sosi yepurasitiki ndeye zvipukupu zvinoraswa, chikafu chinotorwa uye chekunwa. Hafu ye nanoplastics muAntarctic ice zvakare PE, asi polypropylene ndiyo yechipiri yakajairika, inoshandiswa mumidziyo yezvokudya nemapombi. Hapana zvimedu zvematayi zvakawanikwa muAntarctica, kure nenzvimbo dzine vanhu. Vatsvagiri vakasample chete pakati peiyo ice core kuti vadzivise kusvibiswa, uye vakaedza hurongwa hwavo nemuenzaniso wekudzora wemvura yakachena.
Tsvagiridzo yapfuura yakawana mapurasitiki nanoparticles munzizi dzeUK, North Atlantic mvura yegungwa nemadziva eSiberia, uye chando muAustrian Alps. Mattridge anotaura kuti, panguva iyoyo, hotspots dzaifungidzirwa kuva makondinendi umo vanhu vanogara.
Migumisiro yehutano yakaipa
Nanoplastics inoratidza kukanganisa kwakasiyana-siyana pane zvipenyu. Kuratidzwa kwevanhu kune nanoplastics kunogona kukonzera kufema uye intestinal cytotoxicity uye kuzvimba. Parizvino timu yaMattridge iri pabasa rekutsvagisa kwavanotanga kunyatsoongorora mwero wekusvibiswa vobva vaongorora mamiriro atinozviona tiri maari. Kunyangwe pachine mibvunzo yakawanda yekupindura.
Tsvagiridzo yezvehutano hwekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki iri kutanga uye Dr Fay Couceiro ari kutungamirira boka idzva pamicroplastics paYunivhesiti yePortsmouth, UK. Chirongwa chavo chekutanga, vachibatsirana nePortsmouth University NHS Hospital, vachaongorora kuvepo kwemicroplastics mumapapu evarwere vane chirwere chisingaperi chinodzivirira pulmonary (COPD) neasthma. Chidzidzo chinotungamirirwa naDr. Fay Couceiro chichaongorora kana makamuri achangobva kuvharwa kana akavharwa, ayo anogona kuva nemazinga akakwirira emagetsi mumhepo, anogona kukonzera mamiriro acho muvarwere. Izvo zvakatanga sekuongororwa kwekukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunokonzerwa nemapurasitiki zvakakonzera kushushikana kuri kukura pamusoro pemhedzisiro iyo inhaled uye kupinza microplastics inogona kuburitsa mumiviri yedu.
Tsvagiridzo yake ichangoburwa inoratidza izvozvo vanhu vanogona kufema pakati pe2000 ne7000 microplastics mudzimba dzavo zuva rega rega.. Muzvinafundo Anoop Jivan Chauhan, NHS Respiratory Specialist paPortsmouth Hospital College, anoratidza kuti nhamba idzi dzinokatyamadza zvechokwadi. Mumwe nemumwe wedu tinogona kufema kana kumedza anosvika miriyoni 1,8 microplastics gore rega rega, uye kamwe mumuviri, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti hazvikonzeri kukanganisa kusingagadziriswi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve nanoplastic kusvibiswa.