Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokakavadzana zvakanyanya nezve meteorology ndeye mvura yekugadzira. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuitika ekusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu uye kuwedzera kwenhamba yekusanaya kwemvura uye kusimba kwadzo kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kuyedza kuri kuitwa kugadzira mvura yekugadzira kubvisa mhedzisiro yekusanaya kwemvura uye kupa zviwanikwa zvemvura kuvanhu. .
Muchinyorwa chino tichakutaurira pamusoro pezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaitwa pamusoro pemvura yekugadzira uye zvakawanikwa kusvika zvino.
mvura yekugadzira
Mvura ndechimwe chezviwanikwa zvakakosha papasi uye, mune mamwe matunhu, imwe yeinoshomeka. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kusanaya kwemvura kuri kuwedzera. Ndicho chikonzero masayendisiti kwose kwose nyika yanga ichidzidza mvura yekugadzira kubvira 1940, kunyange zvazvo nzira dzinoshanda dzokuidzora dzisati dzawanikwa. Zvakadaro, nyika dzakati wandei dzinoramba dzichiyedza kudyara makore, seChina neUnited Arab Emirates.
Matekiniki akashandiswa kusvika pari zvino anovimba nekupfapfaidza makore nemakemikari akaita sesirivheri iodide kana kabhoni yakaomeswa nechando kugadzira kutenderera kwekunaya mumakore, zvichitungamira kunaya. Zvisinei, kushanda kwemaitiro aya hakuna kuratidzwa.
Zvakadaro, mushure memakore ekutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, National Meteorological Center yekuUnited Arab Emirates kekutanga yakakwanisa kuunza mvura yekugadzira pasina mishonga. Kuti vaite izvi, vakashandisa boka rema drones aipinza magetsi mumakore, zvichiita kuti mvura inaye. Iyi nzira inofanirwa kudzorwa zvakanaka, sezvo tembiricha yepamusoro munharaunda ichigona kuita kuti mweya udziye uye unyoro. kusimuka kubva kumhepo inotonhorera mumhepo, ichigadzira mhepo inosvika 40 km/h. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kusimba kwemvura yekugadzira iyo inowanikwa muDubai yakakwirira uye inoita kuti zviome kuti mota dzifambe mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
cloud seding
Kune chikamu chayo, China yakatozivisa gore rino kuti ichawedzera gore rekudyara. Masimba eAsia anga achiedza kushandura mamiriro ekunze kwemakumi emakore, achizivisa kutanga kwa2021 kuti vachawedzera mbeu yegore kusvika 5,5 miriyoni mativi emakiromita, mune izvi chete. nyaya China icharamba ichiedza nemakemikari.
Izvi zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro isingatarisike pane zvakatipoteredza, kunyanya kana ichiitirwa kuti iiswe zvakarongeka kwete nenguva. Nekune rimwe divi, zvese zvakashandiswa mukuita izvi zvaizowira pamusoro uye zvichinyungudika mukunaya kwazvinoburitsa, zvichigona kushandura kusiyana kwezvipenyu mudunhu iri.
Masayendisiti anotyirawo kuti chirongwa ichi cheChinese chichakanganisa nharaunda dzakavakidzana, dzakadai semonsoon yechirimo muIndia. Yunivhesiti yeTaiwan yakashorawo kuti zviedzo izvi zvinogona kureva "kuba kwemvura".
Kunyange zvazvo kushanda kwekudyara kwegore kusina kupupurirwa, masayendisiti anotonyevera kuti kushandiswa kwemvura inonaya haisi iyo mhinduro yedambudziko chairo: kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Mvura yekugadzira inogadzirwa sei
Tembiricha muMiddle East yadarika 50°C muzhizha rino. MuUnited Arab Emirates (UAE), kupisa kwemhepo kwakaunza tembiricha yepamusoro pane rekodhi yenguva iyoyo yegore.
Zvichakadaro, kunaya kwemvura kunogumira kumamirimita mashoma pagore. Nekudaro, mavhidhiyo akati wandei akabuda pasocial network anoratidza kunaya kwemvura munzvimbo iyi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero vazhinji vakakurudzira kuti United Arab Emirates yakagadzira mvura yekugadzira.
Kudyara kwegore itsika yekushandura mamiriro ekunze yave iripo kwemakore makumi masere. Icho chimiro che geoengineering chinowanzova nyaya yekukakavadzana nokuti kushanda kwayo kunoramba kusina mubvunzo. Inoburitswa nezvinhu zvakaita sesilver iodide iri mugore, iyo inokonzeresa kudzika kwemadonhwe emvura uye kuburitsa mvura yekugadzira.
Silver iodide inoita se "scaffold" iyo mamorekuru emvura anogona kunamira kusvika arema zvekuti anowira pamusoro pePasi. Neiyi nzira, makore akapfava anogona kushanduka kuita madutu echokwadi, anokwanisa kurwisa kusanaya kwemvura.
MuUnited States, kugadzirwa kwemvura yekugadzira kwakashandiswawo muchiuto kusati kwarambidzwa neUnited Nations. Zvisinei, kushanda kwayo mukukonana hakuna kumboonekwa. Mamiriro ekunze anoshandiswa kudzivirira madutu ane chisimba kuti asadambure nemakore. Kutanga muna 1990, iyo UAE yakatanga nzvimbo yekutsvagisa inotsigirwa nehurumende yakatsaurirwa kukudyara kwegore.
Mvura yekugadzira munyika dzeArabia
Chinangwa ndechekuvandudza kuwanikwa kwemvura, iyo chirongwa ichi chine ndege nhanhatu nemadhora miriyoni imwe nemazana mashanu emari. "Kunaya kwemvura kwakavandudzwa kunogona kumiririra hupfumi uye hunoshanda huchawedzera matura emvura aripo munzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzakaoma," inodaro webhusaiti yechirongwa ichi. Iyo UAE inoshuvira kuve mutungamiri mukunaya kwemvura.
Mavhidhiyo mazhinji ekunaya kwemvura munyika anobuda paYouTube chiteshi cheUAE's National Center for Meteorology (NCM). Sangano iri rakaburitsawo akati wandei maTweets mukati memavhiki anopisa zvakanyanya mudunhu, aine hashtag #cloud_seeding. Asi zvakadaro, hameno kuti chii chakaitika chirimo ichi. Muchokwadi, iyo NCM yakati zviitiko izvi zvaive zvakajairika panguva iyi.
Muna 2019, iyo UAE yakaita kanenge zana nemakumi masere nemashanu ekudyara makore. Pakupera kwegore iroro, mvura zhinji yakanaya nemafashamo zvakavhara motokari mumigwagwa. Muna 185, NCM ichaitisa ndege zana nemakumi maviri nenhanhatu dzekudyara makore, kusanganisira gumi nemana pakati paChikunguru, kuunza mvura yekugadzira, sekureva kwebepanhau reGulf Nhasi.
MuAmerica, tsika iyi yakarambidzwa mumatunhu akaita sePennsylvania, ukuwo kune dzimwe nzvimbo munyika ichizivikanwa munguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Pakati pa1979 na1981, Spain yakaedzawo kuunza mvura yekugadzira kuburikidza ne "Enhanced Precipitation Project". Zvisinei, mvura haina kumbowedzera nekuda kwekukura kwegore. Kubudirira kuri pakurwa nechimvuramabwe. nzira iyo yakashandiswa mumatunhu akati wandei eSpain kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwekurima.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mvura yekugadzira uye mhedzisiro yainogona kuve nayo.
Chinyorwa chinodzidzisa uye chinodzidzisa. Iyo pfungwa ye "kuba kwemvura" yakasimudzwa neTaiwan inonakidza. Chikumbiro ichi hachisi kure-kurebesa. Ose ari maviri esirivha iodide neFrozen CO2, pamusoro pekufarira kudzikamisa, zvakare anoumba nzvimbo dzekunamatira kubatsira kuumba madonhwe emvura uye kubata mhute yemvura yakatenderedza, kusimudzira nekumanikidza kunaya kwawo.