Iyo geological kutenderera inoenderana neyakatevedzana yemhedzisiro inotangwa inofamba nayo mukati geological process iyo inoshanda pane lithologies. Kunyange zvazvo zvisiri pachena semaitiro ekunze ejoloji, kukosha kwemaitiro aya emukati hakurambiki sezvo ane ruzivo rwakadzama pakuumbwa uye chimiro chematombo.
Nokudaro, munyaya ino tichakuudza kuti ndezvipi zvemukati geological process, maitiro avo uye kukosha.
Chii chiri mukati geological process
Internal geological process (internal geological process) zvinoreva mafambiro nemaitiro echisikigo anoitika mukati megoko reNyika. Aya maitiro anogona kusanganisira kuputika kwemakomo, kudengenyeka kwenyika, uye tectonic plate shifts.
Iyo geological process inoitika mukati mePasi inoonekwa semukati, kubvira Dzinotangira kubva kune nzira dziri pasi pePasi pevhu, zvisinei kuti dzine zviratidzo zvekunze. Aya maitiro haana simba sevamwe vamiririri uye kukura kwavo kunotora mamiriyoni emakore. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvikonzero zviri kumashure kwemaitiro aya hazvigone kutariswa zvakananga, kunyangwe mhedzisiro yavo inowanzoonekwa.
Chiyero chepasi chakakanganiswa ne geological simba rinobva mukati maro chakakosha zvikuru. Kunyangwe mhepo yekumabvazuva ichikanganisa chimwe chikamu chemahombekombe (simba rekunze), Iyo lithologies yepeninsula yese inokonzerwa nekufamba kwe tectonic plates (simba remukati). Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanoita basa rakakosha mukuumba mamiriro enzvimbo yenzvimbo.
Iyo geological process inoitika mukati inokonzerwa nekupisa kwechisikigo kunogadzirwa nePasi reradioactive element, iyo inoparara yakananga pamusoro penyika. Aya maitiro ane basa rekuumbwa, chimiro uye kuronga kwe lithologies. Kusiyana neizvi, vekunze geologic vamiririri vanoita kunatsa matombo kuburikidza nemamiriro ekunze, mamiriro ekunze, uye sedimentation, pamwe nediagenesis.
Hunhu hwemukati geological process
Orogenesis
Makomo emakomo, anowanzo kunzi orogenies, anoumbwa ne deformation maitiro anokonzerwa nekudyidzana kwe tectonic plate panguva dzakasiyana dze geological stages. Semagumo, Orogenesis inokanganisa nzvimbo dzakakura dzepasi uye inokanganisa kugoverwa kwekunze kwe geological entities. Uyezve, orogeny inosanganisa nhevedzano yezviitiko zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yepasirese uye kupa kune mamwe emukati geological agents.
Nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwavo kune yakanyanya tectonic kumanikidzwa uye kwakasiyana kwakabva, geologically inoshanda nzvimbo dze convergent margins dzinogamuchira orogens. Aya maorogens anogona kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nemasikirwo aakaitwa.
- Subduction orogens: Makomo emakomo, anozivikanwa se subduction orogens, anogadzirwa padanho rekusangana pakati pemahwendefa maviri etectonic apo imwe ndiro inotsvedza pasi peimwe. Kudhumhana uku kunogona kuburitsa maarcs ezvitsuwa, izvo zvinogona kuitika kana mahwendefa maviri emunyanza akaungana, kana kuti orogen inopisa kana ndiro yegungwa ikadhumhana nekondinendi. Muchiitiko chekutanga, materu ekudzika uye mwero wepamusoro wekuputika kwegomo kunopa migero yakadzika. Mukupedzisira, mutserendende hauna kukwira, zvichiita kuti madonhwe aungane muaccretion prism. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvepo kwemvura uye kukweshana kunogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwezviitiko zvekudengenyeka uye nekuputika kwemakomo.
- Acretion orogens: Zvinobva mukubatanidzwa kwezvidiki zvekondinendi microplates ine orogen yakakura, zvichiita kuti saizi iwedzere. Rocky Mountains inoshanda semuenzaniso wakanakisa weiyi chikamu che geological formations.
- Collision orogens: Kana mahwendefa maviri etectonic ane musanganiswa wehunhu asangana mukudhumhana kweorogenic, zvikamu zvawo zvekondinendi zvinosunda pamwechete sezvo kuderedzwa kunofambira mberi. Kudhumhana uku kunokonzeresa kuvepo kwemidziyo yemugungwa iri pakati peorogen, iyo ine zvakakosha zvedzidzo.
- Intraplate orogens: Ivo vanoumba kana sedimentary basin yakamanikidzwa semhedzisiro yetectonic reversal. Izvi zvinowanzoitika sezvo mukati me geological mauto anotora mukana wenzvimbo dzeutera, senge fractures, izvo zvinopa kushoma kushomeka panguva yekuchinja kwesimba mafambiro. Muenzaniso weiyo intraplate orogen inogona kuwanikwa muIberian System iri kuSpain.
Magmatism
Iyo genesis yechiitiko ichi inodzokera kuchizvarwa chekupisa kwemukati, uye mhedzisiro yacho inonzwika mune lithologies iyo inosangana nayo. Zvakakosha kucherechedza izvozvo Kuderera kwekumanikidza kunogona kukanganisa kuenzana kwekamuri ye magma uye kukonzera kuputika. Pamusoro pezvo, kutenderera uye kuputika kwemagma kunogona kukonzera kutsemuka kwemathologies akatenderedza uye kukonzeresa seismic chiitiko. Pamusoro pezvo, kusimuka kwakangoerekana kwaita tembiricha uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuumbwa zvinhu zvinoitawo basa rakakura mukuumba nharaunda.
Kukanganisa kwekuputika kwemakomo munzvimbo kunokonzerwa zvakanyanya nemhando chaiyo yechiitiko chekuputika kwemakomo. Mushure mekuputika, nzvimbo ichashandurwa uye kurongeka kwezvinhu zvayo kucharatidza shanduko iyi. Izvo zvinokonzerwa negneous matombo Vachange vari volcanic kana plutonic muzvisikwa, zvichienderana nechiitiko chakaitika. Aya emukati geological maitiro anogona kuzviratidza pamiganho yakatsaukana, uko zvinhu zvejasi, senge makondinendi mitsetse uye mitsetse, inosimuka, kana pamiganho inochinjika, uko maseru anosangana nekukweshana panguva yekudzikisa. Uyezve, nzvimbo dze intraplate dzinogona kukanganiswa nekuvapo kwenzvimbo dzinopisa.
metamorphism
Metamorphism inzira inoitika mukati medombo, inoratidzwa nekuchinja kwe physicochemical kunokonzerwa nekusanganiswa kwekushisa kwepamusoro, kuwedzera kwemhepo, uye kuiswa kwemvura panguva yekuvigwa. Kunyunguduka hakusi chinhu panguva iyi, izvo zvinotungamira kune shanduko mumamineral properties kuburikidza nenzira dzakadai rearrangement, recrystallization, shanduko uye kuwedzera kwemamineral density.
Metamorphism inogona kuiswa zvichienderana nechiyero kana zvinhu zvinotariswa. Dunhu metamorphism inoratidzirwa nekuwedzera kwekumanikidza uye tembiricha nekudzika, zvichiita kuti ive yakafanana mune orogenic uye subduction zones. Kune rimwe divi, dynamic metamorphism inoisa kusimba kukuru pakumanikidza sechinhu chikuru chinotaridza, nepo tembiricha ichiita chikamu chechipiri mukugadzira kuputsika. Mukuita, kusiyanisa pakati pe diagenesis uye metamorphism kunogona kuve kwakaoma.
Structural deformation
Mushonga wechimiro (Structural deformation) zvinoreva maitirwo anoita chinhu pakuchinja chimiro nekuda kwesimba rekunze kana kufurirwa. Izvi Inogona kuitika pane macro kana micro level uye inogona kuguma nekushandurwa kwechimiro chemuviri wechinhu.
Matombo anogona kuita deformation nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri: lithostatic pressure kana tectonic stress. Lithostatic pressure inokonzerwa nekukora kwesedimentary layer, iyo inomanikidza matombo ari pasi payo zvakaenzana munzira dzese, zvichikonzera deformation. Pamusoro pezvo, mukati mechikamu ichi kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura yezvinhu mukati mepores yedombo kunoongororwawo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mukati geological maitiro uye maitiro avo.