Munhu anga agara aine chinzvimbo chakanyanya. Paakatanga kugadzira tekinoroji, aive nechinangwa chekusiya nyika yedu uye kugona kuongorora mwedzi nemamwe mapuraneti akavakidzana ezuva. Zvese izvi zvakakonzera kutanga kwe mujaho wechadenga. Vanopfuura makumi matatu emakumi masayendisiti kubva kunyika makumi matanhatu nenhanhatu mukutsvaga kwenzvimbo dzepasi redu vakatanga mujaho wedenga. Vavariro yekutanga yekutumira satellites ekugadzira muchadenga yakaziviswa muna 30.000.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve nhandare yemuchadenga uye chii chave chiri kufambira mberi kwemunhu nekuremekedza icho.
Hunhu hwenzvimbo yemuchadenga
Ndiine makore akati wandei mushure meizvozvo, maSoviet akazadzisa hunyanzvi naSputnik 1. Muna 1957 satelite yekutanga yekunyepedzera munhoroondo kusvika pasi pekutenderera. Ndiyo yekutanga feat iyo yaizotungamira kune kutanga kweinozivikanwa semuchadenga mujaho. Iyi nhangemutange yemuchadenga mumamiriro eCold War inogona kunzwisiswa senge nhangemutange yemaoko maiyo maAmerican nemaSoviet akarwira kutonga kwakaringana kwenzvimbo yekunze. Izvo zvaive zvakafanira kuti uwane simba kwete chete repasi redu asi nezvese zvakapoteredza.
Makwikwi akapera muna 1975 nekumiswa kwendege yeApollo-Soyuz uye zvaizonzwisiswa kuti zvimwe zvezvakakosha zvehunyanzvi zvakaitwa zvakaitika pamusoro pemakumi maviri emakore. Uye ndezvekuti kukwikwidza uku kwakaita kuti vesaenzi uye tekinoroji vafambire mberi nekusvetuka. Ngatione kuti ndeapi matanho akakosha uye nguva dzakaitika mujaho wenzvimbo.
Chokwadi chekutanga chatambotaura nezvacho chaive kuvhurwa munzvimbo yeyakagadzirwa satellite satellite Sputnik 1 Airema makirogiramu makumi masere nematatu uye aive akaenzana neka basketball. Yakanga iri satellite yekutanga yakagadzirwa nevanhu yaigona kukomberedza nyika yedu.
Nhanho yechipiri munhangemutange yemuchadenga yaive Laika, imbwa yemuchadenga. Muna 1957 imbwa Laika yakava mhuka yekutanga kufamba kuenda muchadenga yakakwira Sputnik 2. Vhiki rimwe mushure mekutanga, imbwa yakafa nekuda kwekushaya oxygen. Kunyangwe ichi chaive chinhu chakatariswa nevakawanda senzira yaakabatsira nayo kuitisa kuyedza uye budiriro muzivo yekunze.
Space mujaho: nhanho nhanho
Tichaongorora kuti ndeapi matanho ese emuchadenga mujaho.
Chokutanga satellite-powered satellite
Kunyangwe paine vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti simba rezuva chinhu chakanyanyisa kuve chazvino, kutanga kwa1958 NASA yakaisa satellite inozivikanwa seVanguard 1 munzira. yekutanga satellite yakamhan'arira muchadenga chaishandiswa nesimba rezuva chete. Uku kwaive kukunda kukuru kweUnited States mujaho wechadenga. Kunyangwe gurukota reSoviet Union rakazvidza zvachose satellite iyi, yake, yaive yakakura kwazvo, yakabuda munzira ndokupisa pakudzoka kwavo pasi. Kupesana neizvi, iyi satellite ichiri munzira kusvika nhasi. Inoonekwa seyekare sataneti yekugadzira iripo muchadenga uye inofungidzirwa kuti inopukunyuka kubva mukuenderera mukutenderera kweanenge makore mazana maviri nemakumi mana.
Kutanga kutaurirana satellite
Gore rimwe chetero, chinangwa chekutanga chaicho chakakundwa panguva yemujaho weNASA nekuisa yekutanga satellite yekufona. Yakavhurwa mune chombo uye nekuda kweizvozvo nhasi isu tinokwanisa kutaura nenzvimbo.
Nhanho inotevera mumakwikwi emuchadenga yaive yekutanga mufananidzo wedivi rekure remwedzi. Isu tinoziva kuti kubva kupuraneti yedu hatikwanise kuona divi riri kure remwedzi. Pano isu tinogona chete kuona kumeso kunoratidzwa uye kunogara kwakafanana. Uye imhaka yekuti kumhanya kwekutenderera kwemwedzi pachawo uye neshanduro inoenderana nenyaya yekuti inogara ichitiratidzira kumeso kumwe chete.
Hamu chimpanzi
Kumwe kufambira mberi kwaive nevanhu panguva yemujaho wenzvimbo ndeyekuti chimpanzi yakave hominid yekutanga kufamba kuenda muchadenga. Kubhururuka kwake kwakangotora maminetsi gumi nematanhatu mushure mezvo akanunurwa muAtlantic Ocean nekukuvara chete mumhino.
Nechekare mugore ra1961 ndipo murume wekutanga paakakwanisa kuenda muchadenga. Pabhodhi Vostok 1, Yuri Alekséyevich Gagarin akava munhu wekutanga kuenda kunzvimbo yekunze. Makore maviri gare gare Valentina Tereshkova akava mukadzi wekutanga kuenda kuchadenga pane mishoni iyo Yaizotora kwemazuva matatu uye panguva iyo yaakapedza makumi mana makumi mana kutenderera Nyika.
Zvishoma nezvishoma budiriro iyi yesainzi iri kubereka michero. Muna 1965 ndipo munhu wekutanga paakakwanisa kuita nzvimbo yekufamba, achigara kusvika maminetsi gumi nemaviri ari kunze kwechikepe.
Kutanga kusangana nemwedzi uye kutanga kwemwedzi kumhara
Chikwata cheApollo 8 ndicho chakatanga kupinda mukutenderera kwemwedzi wakatarwa nevanhu. Akapinda mukukweva furuwenza kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekudenga kekutanga munhoroondo. Vashandi vayo ndivo vakatanga kuona kudivi remwedzi, pamwe nekucherechedza Nyika kubva kune yedu satellite.
Makore gare gare, basa racho raizosvika iro raizotora nhanho huru kumberi muvanhu. Kuuya kwemunhu pamwedzi. Muna 1969, Armstrong naBuzz Aldrin vakava varume vaviri vekutanga kumhara paMwedzi mukati meApollo 11 Lunar Module Eagle.
Nhangemutange yenzvimbo: kupfuura mwedzi
Mwedzi hauchisiri chinhu chakanyanya kukoshesa. Muna 1973, satelite yekutanga yaigona kusvika munzira yeJupiter yakavhurwa. Inozivikanwa sePiyona 10. Pakupedzisira, tine rwendo rwekutanga rwekuenda kuMercury uye kupera kweCold War. Rwendo rweMercury rwakaitwa muna 1974 ndokuva iyo Mariner 10 inoongorora yekutanga kusvika pasi Mercury.
Nezvo izvi zvakapedza nhangemutange huru yemuchadenga uye ndokupedza Hondo Yemashoko.