El Gomo reSaint Helena igomo rinoputika muNorth America, richikwira zvakanyanyisa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweWashington mudunhu reUnited States. Zita rayo rechiRungu ndiSt. Helens, uye mapoka eNative America anoridaidza kuti Lawetlat'la, Lawalaclough, uye Tahonelatclah. Iro zita razvino rinobva kuna Elaine Fitzherbert, XNUMXst Baron weSaint Helena uye shamwari yemuongorori George Vancouver, akaongorora nzvimbo iyi payaizivikanwa zvishoma.
Muchinyorwa chino tiri kuzokuudza ese maitiro, mavambo, geology uye kuputika kweGomo reSaint Helena.
Nzvimbo
Mount Saint Helens inzvimbo inozivikanwa inoputika inoputika iri muScamania County, Washington State, muPacific Northwest Territory yeUnited States of America. Pamamita angangoita 2.550 pamusoro pegungwa, izwi rekuti "ikozvino" rinoshandiswa nokuti kuputika kwaro kwakanyorwa zvakafara kwakaderedza kureba kweichi chivako chegomo rinoputika.
Inowanikwa chaizvo 154 makiromita kubva Seattle uye anenge 85 makiromita kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwePortland, Oregon. Ichi chivakwa chikuru chegomo rinoputika chikamu cheCascade Range, uye saiti iyi yaimbozivikanwa nezita rekuti Louwala-Clough, zvinoreva kuti "gomo rinoputika kana gomo," mumutauro wevanozviti vane mukurumbira venzvimbo, dzinza reko rainzi Klickitat.
Saint Helena ane zita rayo kumumiriri Erin Fitzherbert, sezvo aive wekutanga baron weSaint Helena, shamwari huru yemugari weGeorge Vancouver, muongorori mukuru uye anoda kuziva aitarisira kuongorora nzvimbo yezana ramakore regumi nemasere muSanta Helena. Gomo rinoputika rinozivikanwa nekuputika kwaro kukuru kuine huwandu hukuru hwemadota uye zvinodaidzwa kuti pyroclastic kuyerera.
Kuumbwa kweMount Saint Helens
Kuenzaniswa nemamwe makomo anoputika muCascade Range, Mount Saint Helens igomo rechidiki. Maererano neUnited States Geological Survey (USGS), kuumbwa kwayo Zvakaitika mumatanho mana ekuputika kwakatanga makore angangoita 4 apfuura, kunyange zvazvo Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanic Activity Program inoratidza kuti yakatanga mumatanho 9 akaumbwa 40.000-50.000 makore apfuura panguva yekuputika. Chero zvazvingava, panguva yeHolocene ndiyo yakanyanya kunyanya kuputika kwemakomo muCordillera.
Iyo USGS Volcanic Hazards Program inoratidza kuti iri padyo nenzvimbo yepasi yeJuan de Fuca plate kumhenderekedzo yekumadokero kweUnited States uye mhedzisiro yemafambiro makuru ePasi.
Munguva yemakore 12.800 XNUMX apfuura, gomo rekare reMount St. Helens. inoumbwa nekuputika kwemakomo anoputika, madhamu edzimba, uye kumwe kuyerera kwepyroclastic. iyo yakasvika kunyika dziri kure zvikuru kubva mujinga megomo rinoputika. Mumakore 3000 apfuura, koni yakawana chimiro chemazuva ano. Pamusoro payo, Global Volcanism Program inotaura kuti koni yakaumbwa nekuburitswa kwelava uye pyroclastic zvinhu makore 2200 apfuura, nepo koni yemazuva ano iri kuenderera kweandesite, dacite, uye basalt zvimedu zvichibva mukuyerera.
Mount Saint Helens inoputika
Kuputika kwa1980 ndiko kwakaongororwa zvakanyanya muzana remakore rechi2340, asi makomo anoputika ane nhoroondo refu yekuputika. Chiitiko chekare chakasimbiswa chakaitika muna 1860 BC. C. Kumwe kuputika kwakaitika muna 1180a. C, 1110. C, 100a. C, 420 BC C, AD 1831 C, muna Nyamavhuvhu 26, Kurume 1847, 27, Kurume 1980, 5, Mbudzi 1990, 1, naGumiguru 2004, XNUMX.
Kuputika kwe40 kwakasimbiswa nekufamba kwenguva, nekumwe kusava nechokwadi. Kudengenyeka kwakaitika pasi pegomo rinoputika musi waMarch 20, 1980, uye kumwe kudengenyeka kwapasi kuduku zvikuru kwakaitika pakati pemusi wa20 ne27 womwedzi iwoyo. Masikati chete musi wa27, shongwe yemadota netsvina yakabuda mugomo, yakasvika kureba kwemamita 1.829. Asi zvakaipisisa hazvina kuitika.
Mangwanani aMay 18, kudengenyeka kwepasi kwehukuru 5.1 kwakaitika uye chikamu chekuchamhembe kwegomo racho chakatanga kuparara. zvakaitika ndezvekuti kuputika kwevhu uye kuputika kwePliny kwemaawa mapfumbamwe. Kuputika kwacho kwainge kwakareba makiromita makumi maviri nemana uye dota racho rakabata zvikamu zvematunhu 24 emuUS. Mari yasara i11 yakafa (kusanganisira mutori wemifananidzo uye nyanzvi yejogirafi) uye mamiriyoni emadhora mukukuvadzwa kwehupfumi.
kuputika kwekupedzisira
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti zvinhu zvose zvakatanga chaizvo musi waMarch 16, kunyanya muna 1980, yakanga ine mavambo anokosha, zvichida nhevedzano yekudengenyeka kwenyika, iyo mavambo ayo anoita seari mukufamba kukuru kwemagma ari mugomo reSanta Elena. Kudengenyeka kwepasi kwakadzika kunoenderana nechiitiko chehukuru 4,2 paRichter scale inogona kunyoreswa nenzira iyi muna March 20, kuchengetedza nguva yakakodzera uye yakaenzana yenguva, yakadai sePacific Ocean, yakanyorwa pa15:47.
Zvose izvi zviri pasi pepamusoro pegomo rambotaurwa kuchamhembe kweGomo reSt. Helens senzvimbo huru, zvakakosha kuratidza. basa reiyi gomo guru rinoputika pashure pemakore anopfuura 123 okusashanda.
Zvinonzi mushure meizvi nhevedzano yekudengenyeka kwenyika kudiki kwakawedzerwa uye neimwe nzira ese akaiswa nenzira kwayo seismometers akazadzwa panguva yekuiswa kwenzvimbo yese, kutozosvika pakakwirira pakati paMarch 25 uye mazuva maviri gare gare, mukati meaya mazuva maviri akabatikana zvakanyanya.
Nhamba yakati kuti yekudengenyeka kwenyika 174 yakanyorwa mukudengenyeka kwenyika kwakakurumbira kwe2,6 paRichter scale kana kupfuura. Zvakanga zviri shure kweizvi kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakawedzera pamwero we3.2 degrees uye dzakanga dzichiwedzerawo pakati paApril naMay, pakuvamba kwaApril, nokuda kwechikonzero chakati, kwakanga kune avhareji yokudengenyeka kwapasi kunosvika anenge madhigirii 5 kana kuti kupfuura zuva riri rose.
Asi muvhiki pamberi paikoko, pana Chivabvu 18, avhareji yakanga yatenderera yakapoteredza nhevedzano yokudengenyeka kwe55 pazuva, pakutanga pasina fungidziro kana kuti ufakazi hwakananga hwokuputika kwomunguva yemberi, asi rumwe rudzi rwokudengenyeka kuduku kuchikonzera kukuru. Sezvaratidzwa pamusoro, mazaya echando nechando akaunganidzwa kubva mumhepo akarekodhwa mafungu. Nenguva dza12:36 manheru musi waKurume 27, pakava nekuputika kukuru kweimwe nzira, uye vanhu vazhinji vakati zvakaitika kaviri panguva imwe chete.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Mount Saint Helena uye maitiro aro.