uye vamwe
El Mojave desert Inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States uye yakakamurwa kuita nyika dzeCalifornia, Nevada, Utah, uye Arizona. Nzvimbo yayo yakawedzera kana kushoma inosvika 130.000 square kilometers. Ndiro diki diki remagwenga ekuNorth America, asiwo akaoma.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezverenje reMojave, maitiro ayo, maruva, mhuka, kushanya uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
geography uye geology
Iyo Mojave Desert iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweUnited States, inosanganisira zvikamu zveCalifornia, Nevada, Arizona, uye Utah. Iri gwenga rinowedzera kusvika 122,000 square kilometres, zvichiita kuti rive rimwe remarenje makuru muNorth America.
Murenje iri tinowana mapani akafara erenje, anovhiringwa nemakomo nezvikomo zvinokwidibira zvakakura mujengachenga. Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinobva pamipata yakaderera kusvika pamusoro pemakomo, kusvika kureba kweanopfuura 3,350 metres muSan Bernardino Mountains.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zveMojave Desert ndiwo ane mukurumbira matutu ejecha. Aya madutu, seaya ari muKelso Dunes National Park, anoumbwa kubva mukuungana kwejecha rinosundwa nemhepo dziripo. Maumbirwo nehukuru hwemadunduru zvinosiyana, zvichigadzira nzvimbo yerenje inoyevedza zvechokwadi.
Mugwenga iri tinogona kuwana hurongwa hwemakoronga nemakoronga. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa kwavari ndeye Dhiyabhorosi Canyon. Igoronga rakavezwa nekukukurwa kwemvura kwemamiriyoni emakore. Aya makoni anopa maonero akasiyana ematombo akaiswa pachena, ayo iwe unogona kudzidza nawo nezve geological nhoroondo yegwenga.
Nezve geology, nzvimbo zhinji yedunhu iri inoumbwa nematombo etsvina, akadai sematombo ejecha uye conglomerates, izvo zvakaumbwa kubva mukuunganidzwa kwezvimedu mumadziva ekare nenzizi. Kunewo matombo ekuputika kwemakomo, mugumisiro wezvakaitika kare zvekuputika kwemakomo munharaunda yacho.
Mugwenga mune zvicherwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira goridhe, sirivheri nemhangura, izvo zvakwezva pfungwa dzevanotsvaka hupfumi munhoroondo yose. Pamusoro pezvo, geology yegwenga yakapa kuumbwa kwematombo kunonakidza, senge hofori monoliths yeJoshua Tree National Park uye ane mukurumbira maumbirwo eraimu anozivikanwa saJoshua Rocks.
Mojave Desert Climate
Iyo Mojave Desert ndiyo nzvimbo inopisa kwazvo muNorth America. Nzvimbo yayo inonyanya kupisa iDeath Valley, uko tembiricha inosvika 49º C yakanyorwa. Kune mwaka miviri yakanyatsosiyana: muchando, avhareji yetembiricha yemasikati yakanyanya kufadza uye yehusiku ishoma iri pasi pe0ºC, nekuda kwekushomeka kwemvura muPacific Ocean (50 mm pagore). Zhizha, kune rumwe rutivi, rinoratidzwa nekusanaya kwemvura uye kupisa kwakanyanya.
Mhepo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mamiriro ekunze muMojave Desert. Iyi imhepo inodziya inovhuvhuta ichibva mukati ichienda kumhenderekedzo yegungwa yokumadokero kwegore rose, dzimwe nguva inokurumidza zvikuru.
Nezve tembiricha yenzvimbo, inosiyana pakati pe2 madhigirii celsius kusvika 36 madhigirii celsius kwenguva zhinji yegore. Pane zvisingawanzo kuitika apo tembiricha inogona kudonha pasi pe3°C. Kumadokero kwayo, tembiricha yechando inotonhorera uye inotonhora zvikuru, inosvika 13°C. Iyi tembiricha haina kunyanyisa kupfuura iyo iri pakati nekumabvazuva kweMojave nekuda kwesimba regungwa kumadokero kweMojave. Pakati payo, mwaka wechando une mwero, asi chirimo chinopisa zvisingaite uye tembiricha dzinosvika 49°C. Kumabvazuva, nguva yechando inotonhorerawo, uye tembiricha dzehusiku dzinowanzonyura pasi pechando.
Pakati pezuva, iyo Mojave Desert inosangana nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kwakanyanya, kunyanya muzhizha. Avhareji hunyoro hunyoro mukati mezuva huri pakati pe10% ne30%. Kuchinja kwematembiricha anosvika madhigirii makumi mana pazuva rimwe kunowanzoitika.
Humidity inogona kusvika 50% usiku. Nekusanaya kwemvura zhinji, hunyoro hunowedzera kumberi nekumashure uye hunowanzowedzera usiku nemuchando uye hushoma masikati. Husiku, unogona kuona mhando dzemhuka dzakawanda dzinogara munzvimbo iyi.
Flora nemhuka dzegwenga reMojave
Iwo akasiyana enzvimbo dzekugara dziripo muMojave Desert musha kune angangoita 300 marudzi emhuka, ane huwandu hwe36 marudzi ezvinokambaira, 206 marudzi eshiri uye 47 marudzi emhuka dzinoyamwisa dzakanyorwa. Mamwe emhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye Gila monster, tortoise yerenje, Mojave goral, Mojave tassel, mhete-mitsipa nyoka, uye nyoka yerenje.
Shiri dzinokosha dzinosanganisira prairie hawk, Bendale condor, California condor, gondo regoridhe, njiva inochema, uye zvihuta zveGambe. Nzvimbo iyi zvakare kumusha kune imwe yeakanyanya kukosha faunas muCalifornia gwenga. Kune zvakare huwandu hwetsindi dzematombo, makonzo ane tsoka nhema, mhembwe, nungu, makudo, uye makwai makuru emugwenga.
Kana iri maruva, inosanganisira makwenzi ekreosote, makwenzi akakura, makwenzi ane crispbark, desert holly, white hedgehogs, uye Joshua miti, iyo yekupedzisira yakafunga zvakanyanya kukosha nharaunda munharaunda. Nzvimbo iyi inogara mhando dzakawanda dzecacti, kusanganisira akati wandei emarudzi akadai sesirivha jolla, Mojave prickly pear, beavertail cactus, uye yakawanda-headed barrel cactus. Nzvimbo iyi zvakare yakapfuma mune ephemeral zvirimwa, iine mamwe 80-90 endemic marudzi.
Turismo
Iyo Mojave Desert ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa nzvimbo dzekushanya muUnited States, kunyanya nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo munzvimbo yeLas Vegas. Pamusoro pezvo, magwenga anokosheswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwerunako rwavo, kunyanya mu Death Valley National Park, Joshua Tree National Park, Mojave Desert National Monument, uye Hoover Dam.
Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kufarirwa zvinokwezva vashanyi ndiyo yakanyanya thermometer pasi rose, ine 41 metres kureba, kana kuti ghost town yeCalico.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve renje reMojave uye maitiro aro.