Chii chinonzi volcanic mheni?

El mheni yegomo rinoputika Ndicho chimwe chezviitiko zvinokatyamadza pamunhu. Uye ndezvekuti inoitika panguva yekuputika kwegomo uye mamiriro akakosha anodiwa pakuonekwa kwayo. Pavanooneka, mheni yekuputika kwegomo iri chiitiko chinokatyamadza chakakodzera kutorwa mifananidzo.

Nechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze kuti mheni yegomo rinoumbwa sei, maitiro ayo uye kwaakabva.

mheni yegomo rinoputika

Volcanic mheni imhepo inoyerera inokonzerwa nekuputika kwegomo. Madota uye pyroclastics akadzingwa negomo rinoputika haana kwaakarerekera, ndiko kuti, Havana chaji yemagetsi, saka havakwanise kugadzira mheni vari voga. Nekudaro, kupokana kuri pakati pezvinhu zvinoputika munzvimbo dzine hutsinye kunogona kutungamirira mukuburitswa kwemaion mukoramu yegomo rinoputika, zvichigadzira izvi zvinoshamisa. Kuparadzaniswa kwezvikwereti zvakanaka uye zvakashata zvinogadzira mutsauko mukuru unogona kuitika, unokonzera kusunungurwa.

Asi aripo mumarudzi ose emakomo anoputika here? Mhinduro ndeyokuti kwete. Kuti ibudise mheni yegomo rinoputika, gomo rinoputika rinofanira kunge riine zvinhu zvinoputika zvakafanana uye saizi yepombi seLa Palma. Uye ndezvekuti, kunyange zvazvo pakutanga Canary Volcano yakaratidza kuputika kwechimiro cheStrombolian icho, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, chakanga chisina chisimba chakanyanya, nhamba yepamusoro yezviitiko zvakanyorwa pane dzimwe nguva yakabvumira iyi mwaranzi kuumba.

Kutsvakurudza

Ongororo yakaitwa mujenari reSainzi inoratidza kuti magetsi egomo rinoputika anotangira apo zvidimbu zvematombo, madota nemaaizi zvinobonderana muchikamu chembiru dzegomo rinoputika. Kare ikako, ma static charges akagadzirwa nenzira imwechete inogadzirwa mheni mumabhanan'ana akajairika, kunze kwekunge mune idzi kesi yaingogadzirwa kana ice zvidimbu zvabonderana. Saizvozvowo, Kuputika kwemakomo kunoburitsawo mvura zhinji, izvo zvinobatsira kufambisa kusikwa kwemabhanan'ana aya.

Zvakatanga kunyorwa zvakacherekedzwa muna AD 79, apo munyori wenhau dzakaitika weRoma Pliny Muduku akatsanangura kuputika kweGomo reVesuvius. Ichi chiitiko chinoratidzwa mumashoko anokatyamadza nemifananidzo yenguva iyoyo yenhoroondo: mhomho yose yakaona gore rakabayiwa nechiedza chemoto, richivanza miranzi yezuva rePompeian pasi pejasi rayo. Pagomo rimwe chetero, Muzvinafundo Luigi Palmieri vakaita zvidzidzo zvesainzi zvekutanga pamusoro pemheni yemakomo kana madutu ane tsvina panguva yekuputika kwa1858, 1861, 1868 na1872.

Parizvino, ongororo yakabudiswa muna 2008 muBulletin yeVolcanology inoratidza kuti 27% kusvika 35% yekuputika kwemakomo kunoperekedzwa nekupenya uku (Ray). Madutu ane tsvina anoshamisa akatorwa mifananidzo pasi rese, anosanganisira Mount Chaitén muChile, Colima muMexico, Mount Augustine muAlaska, pamwe neMount Eyjafjallajökull muIceland neMount Etna muSicily muEurope.

Mheni yegomo rinoputika sei?

Iko kupokana pakati pezvimedu zvechimvuramabwe nemadonhwe emvura ari pamusoro pecumulonimbus gore (thundercloud) inoita kuti mhepo iite ioni uye iunganidze mutsauko wakakura unokwanisa pakati pezvimwe zvikamu zvegore nezvimwe. Izvi pakupedzisira zvinoburitsa mheni mukati memakore, asiwo mheni inosvika kune mamwe makore kana kuyerera pasi.

Kana iri mheni yekuputika kwemakomo, mamiriro ari mugore remadota anofanirwa kufanana neari mukati megore rekutinhira.

Madota nemapyroclasts anodzingwa nemakomo anoputika pakutanga haana kwaakarerekera (hapana magetsi), asi kupokana pakati pawo munzvimbo ine hutsinye (kupisa) kunogona kukonzera kuburitswa kwemaion mumhepo inoputika.

Mheni yemakomo inoitika chete kana izvi zvaitika, ndiko kuti, kana paine musiyano wekuchaji mugore regomo rinoputika.

Migumisiro uye curiosities

Mhedzisiro yakakosha yemadutu emagetsi aya ndeyekuti inokanganisa kutaurirana: mheni inogona kukanganisa uye kukanganisa kubhururuka kwendege.

Pamusoro pezvo, kurukurirano neredhiyo mumhepo uye panhandare dzendege dziri pedyo dzinokanganiswa. Ongororo yakaitwa naStephen R. McNutt naEarle R. Williams veAlaska Institute of Geophysics uye Massachusetts Institute of Technology, zvichitevedzana, inosimbisa kuti. "Mheni uye magetsi mumakomo anoputika zvakakosha nekuti iwo pachawo anomiririra njodzi, iwo zvikamu zvekuputika kwepasirese." dunhu, sezvavanobatsira mukuunganidza chidimbu uye shanduko mumbiru yemadota.

Kuputika kwemakomo kunogona kukonzera zviitiko zvikuru. Chidzidzo chakaburitswa muScientific Reports naAndrew Pata, muongorori wepashure kuNational Supercomputing Center muBarcelona, ​​​​inotsanangura kuti kubuda kwemvura yegungwa kubva mugomo rinoputika reAnak Krakatau rekuIndonesia kwakakonzera dutu remhepo rakatora mazuva matanhatu uye rakakonzera dutu remhepo pakati pe22nd. uye yechipiri yeanopfuura 2 mwaranzi. Naizvozvo, kumwe kuputika kwemakomo kunotibvumirawo kuona kuumbwa nekushanduka-shanduka kwemagetsi makuru emagetsi mumhepo.

Nei gomo reLa Palma rakaburitsa mheni?

Mushure meiyo hypnotic mhedzisiro yemakore yakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya mudenga rechitsuwa chakacherechedzwa pakutanga kwaGumiguru, apo gomo racho rakanga rave kushanda kwemazuva anopfuura gumi, mheni yakanga yabatwa mukoni huru yegomo rinoputika, sokunge dutu remagetsi.

Nyanzvi yezvemamiriro ekunze José Miguel Viñas akatsanangura kuti kubuda uku "chiratidzo chekuputika kwekuputika." Asi nei dzichiitika panguva yekuputika kwemakomo? Kubva kuInstitute of Volcanology yeCanary Islands (Involcan), vakagovera mufananidzo wemwaranzi wegomo rinoputika, uyo wakaoneka wakamira kubva kune grey tones yakakunda muEl Paso, nharaunda iyo magma yakatanga munaGunyana 19 wegore rapfuura.

Iko kubuda kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nemadota uye pyroclasts akakandwa nemakomo pamusoro penyika, kunyange zvazvo pakutanga zvinhu zvisina kwazvakarerekera, kureva kuti, hazvina magetsi ega, asi zvinokonzera "kusunungurwa kweion mumhepo inoputika" nekuda kwekuvapo kwayo mukukakavadzana munzvimbo ruvengo.

Sezvauri kuona, chiitiko ichi chave chakakosha kubva pakaputika gomo reLa Palma. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu munogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chinonzi volcanic ray uye kuti inotangira sei.