Kusvibisa muRhinine
Iyo Yemvura Sisitimu Yekuraira yakumbira nyika dzenhengo dze European Union tarisa pakuvandudzika kwakakura muhunhu hwemvura yakachena na2015. Ongororo ichangobva kuitwa yakaitwa neLandau Institute of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ) nemamwe masayendisiti eFrance (University of Lorraine uye EDF) uye Suizos (Swiss Federal Institute yeMvura Sayenzi neTekinoroji - EAWAG), inoratidza kuti chinangwa ichi hachisi kuzadzikiswa, sezvo huwandu hwehupfu mumitumbi ine aqueous hunoramba hwakanyanya zvakanyanya.
Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza, kwenguva yekutanga pachikamu cheEuropean, kuti njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzakabatana nemakemikari ane chepfu dzakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura zvaitarisirwa. Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru ndechekuti mune matanho azvino ekuvandudza mhando yemvura mhedzisiro yezvimwe zvinhu haina kutarisirwa.
Nzizi dzakadai seDanube kana Rhine inonakidza magariro anopa mabasa akadai sekuvaraidzwa, hove uye mvura yekunwa kumamirioni avanhu. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti izvi zvipenyu zvinoratidzwa nekupinda kwemakemikari kubva padyo nemadhorobha, kubva ku agriculture uye indasitiri. Iyi cocktail yemakemikari inokanganisa zvisikwa zvealgae uye zvemvura uye iri inogona kuisa njodzi kuvanhu.
Kupesana nezvakange zvichimbofungidzirwa kusvika nhasi (rudo nerwemakemikari chepfu rwaive rwemunharaunda uye rwakazvimiririra), kudzidza kwatinotaura kunoratidza kuti tichifunga nezve hombe-dhata data, njodzi yezvakatipoteredza kubva kumakemikari ane chepfu inokanganisa zviuru zvehurongwa hwemvura yeEurope. Kemikari chepfu inomiririra kutyisidzira kwezvakatipoteredza kune ingangoita hafu yemitumbi yemvura muEurope, uye mune angangoita gumi neshanu muzana ezviitiko iyo biota iri muhurongwa hwemvura yakachena inogona kuburitswa mukufa kukuru.
Boka revatsvakurudzi rakanangana nekudzidza kuwanda kwemiganhu yenjodzi yemabhesheni eRhine neDanube estuaries, achiayera iwo emapoka matatu akajairika ezvisikwa mumvura idzi, hove, invertebrates uye algae. Iyo data, yakawanikwa kubva kuongororo yepamutemo mumakore achangopfuura, inoratidza kuti kukura kwemasampuli kwakasiyana zvakanyanya maererano nenzvimbo uye kufukidzwa kwenguva, izvo zvinoita kuti kuenzanisa kwakananga pakati penyika dzakasiyana kuve kwakaomarara.
Semuenzaniso, zvinoratidzwa kuti hunhu hwemvura hwanyanya muFrance, ingangoita nekuda kwekuti zviremera munyika ino zvine netiweki yekudzora uye kuongorora huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu, kusanganisira ecotoxicologically zvinoenderana nezvinhu. , mune dzakawanda sampuli dzemvura. Mune dzimwe nyika, zhinji dzenjodzi idzi dzinogona kuenda dzisingacherechedzwe nekuda kwekunzwa kwakadzika kwemiyedzo kana nekuti rondedzero yezvinhu zvinodzorwa haina kukwana. Izvi, mune zvakajairika mazwi, zvinoita kuti njodzi dzinotorwa kubva mukuwongorora dzive nyore kutarisirwa pasi kupfuura overestimated.
Zvinonyanya kusvibisa zvisikwa zvemumvura zvinobva mumabasa ekurima, munzvimbo dzemadhorobha, nemumaguta ekurapa tsvina. Mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka ndiyo yaive inosangana zvakanyanya nekusvibisa muhurongwa hwemvura yakachena, kunyange hazvo manyowa e-organo-tin, ma-organo-brominated macomputer, uye ayo anobva mukutsva kwehydrocarbon, anoonekwawo pamatanho akakosha ekumanikidza. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwakawanda hwemakemikari anoshandiswa nhasi hautariswe pakuongorora mhando yemvura uye nezvimwe zvinhu, mwero wekubvumidza unoshanda unogona kunge wakanyanya.
Iwo masayendisiti ari kutora chikamu muchidzidzo ichi anoratidza kuti mhinduro chete inokwanisa kugadzirisa hupfumi hwakazara hwezvinhu zvine chekuita neecoocology ichave kuunzwa kwenzira dzezvemamiriro ekunze uye kusangana kwavo nehungwaru nenzira dzakanangana nekusefa kwemakemikari. Nenzira iyi zvinhu zvine njodzi zvaigona kuonekwa kunyangwe zvisati zvaiswa mune ine chepfu runyorwa. Kumwe kucherechedza ndekwekuti chiito chekukurumidza chinodiwa pamatanho ese kana tichida kuona kuchengetedza kwakachengetedzeka kwenzvimbo dzegungwa.
Nhengo dzese dzeboka rekutsvaga dzinobvumirana kuti kana pasina shanduko huru munzira iriko yekuenderera mberi, kusvika pamatanho akataurwa neWater Framework Directive hazvigoneke. Matanho anofanirwa kuteverwa kana iwe uchinyatsoda kudzikisa iyo yekubvisa uye kubvisa zvine chepfu zvinhu kubva kune aqueous masisitimu angave, kuderedza kubatanidzwa kwemakemikari mune zvekurima uye kugadzirisa tekinoroji yemvura yakasviba nemishonga. Kana matanho akasaiswa munzvimbo, mukufamba kwenguva, anogona kuisa njodzi kuhupenyu hwevanhu, zvichikanganisa magariro uye kushomeka kwekuzvichenesa kwemvura yemumvura.
Mamwe Mashoko: Europe yekuzivisa zvikumbiro zvekudzora shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, Geothermal simba. Greenhouses uye kushanda kwavo mune zvekurima
Source: Helmholtz Center yeKutsvaga Kwezvakatipoteredza (UFZ), PNAS