Tinoziva kuti nekuda kwekudziya kwepasi gore rega rega papasi redu tembiricha iri kuwedzera. Nechikonzero ichi, masayendisiti anga achirekodha munhoroondo yose kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinova nguva dzinopisa uye dzinotonhora dzakapfuura nepasi redu. Pane medieval kudziya nguva izvo zvinotibatsira kunzwisisa zvishoma mabatiro ari kuita mhepo nhasi.
Muchinyorwa chino tichataura newe nezve medieval kudziya nguva uye maitiro ayo.
medieval kudziya nguva
Iyo Medieval Warm Period inoita kunge inokodzera bhiri. Zvinoyeuchidza kana kudziya kwepasirese kwechisikigo uye zvese zvazvinoita zvakaitika munguva yakapfuura uye vanhu havana kuzvikonzera, saka pamwe isu hatisi mhosva pazviri. Hazvina basa nekuti kana tikapona kare, zvirokwazvo tinogona kupona zvino. Asi hazvisi nyore kudaro.
Nguva yepakati yekudziya iyi, inozivikanwawo seMedieval Climate Anomaly, yaisanganiswa nekukwira kwekushisa kwakanyanya pakati pemakore angangoita AD 750 ne1350 (European Middle Ages). Uchapupu huripo hunoratidza kuti dzimwe nguva tembiricha mune dzimwe nharaunda dzaidziya kupfuura idzo dzakanyorwa pakati pa1960 na1990.
Kunyange zvazvo yakanyanya kunyorwa muEurope, maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweNorth America, uye nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinopisa, Nguva yeMedieval Warm Period yakabata zvose kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kwehemispheres. Asi kukwira kwekushisa hakusi pasi rose, kunosiyana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepasi uye hazviitike kwose kwose panguva imwe chete.
Nepo Northern Hemisphere, South America, China neAustralasia, uye kunyange New Zealand, rekodhi tembiricha iri pakati pe0,3 ne1,0 °C inodziya kupfuura muna 1960-1990 mukutanga kweXNUMX uye mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, uye zvakanyanya kukwira mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai seyekumabvazuva kunopisa kwePacific.
Nzira dzenguva yepakati yekudziya
Nguva dzekudziya dzeMedieval dzaimbove chiitiko chedunhu. Kuvapo kwavo kana kusavapo kwavo kunoratidza kugovaniswazve kwekupisa pasirese, zvichiratidza zvimwe zvinhu kunze kwekukwira kwemagasi epasi rose egreenhouse akaita secarbon dioxide. Zvinonyanya zvikonzero zvekushanduka kwekushisa kwedunhu zvine chekuita nekuchinja muEl Niño-Southern Oscillation.
Iyi inodzokororwa yemamiriro ekunze emhepo yekumabvazuva kwePacific inovhuvhuta uye tembiricha pamusoro pegungwa zvinokanganisa mamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo zhinji dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Inowanzo kuunza makore nemvura kumadokero kwePacific inopisa, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo yekumabvazuva yePacific ive yakaoma uye inotonhorera.
Munguva dzinodziya dzeMiddle Ages, kuwedzera kwemwaranzi yezuva uye kuderera kwekuputika kwemakomo kwakagadzira zviitiko zveLa Niña zvakachinja maitiro enguva dzose. Mhepo dzakasimba dzekutengeserana dzakasundira mvura inodziya yakananga kuAsia, zvichikonzera kunaya kweAustralasia, kusanaya kwemvura kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States neSouth neCentral America; uye kunaya kukuru nemafashamo muPacific Northwest neCanada.
Kuwedzera kwemwaranzi yezuva kwakashandurawo mamiriro emuchadenga muNorth Atlantic (North Atlantic Oscillation), zvichiunza kudziya kwechando uye mamiriro emvura kune yakawanda yekuchamhembe kweEurope uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweNorth America kondinendi. Aya mamiriro akakanganisawo mamiriro ekunze echando muGreenland, North Africa, uye North Asia.
Migumisiro isina kuenzana kuvanhu uye zvakatipoteredza
Kwemakore anoda kusvika mazana matatu, aya mamiriro ekunze matsva akashandura ecosystem uye akachinja zvakanyanya nzanga dzevanhu. Sezvo kuchamhembe kweEurope kwaidziya, kurima kwakapararira ndokugadzira chikafu chakawanda. Panguva iyoyo, England yaidziya zvokukwanisa kugamuchira minda yemizambiringaSezvo hurumende dzepakati dzeEurope dzakawedzera kusimba, vanhu vakanga vasingachadi masvingo kuti vadzivirire nzvimbo yavaimborimwa yaichimbova mishoma, uye vakawanda vakatanga kutsvaka nzvimbo itsva.
Wedzero dzokurima dzakafanana dzakaitika mumativi eNorth America, asi varimi veCentral Asia vakapararirawo kuchamhembe kweRussia, Manchuria, Amur Valley, uye Japan yokuchamhembe. Kutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX kwakaratidza kutanga kwekukunda kwaGenghis Khan nemadzinza ake eMongol.
Sezvo tembiricha yaikwira, nyika yeArctic neaizi yegungwa zvakaderera, nyika itsva yakatanga kusvikika, uye vaViking vakatamira kure kuchamhembe kupfuura kare. Vakazopedzisira vava mu "green" Greenland neIceland kwavakagara (kwenguva pfupi).
Chinyorwa chekupedzisira chakanyorwa cheNorwegian Greenlanders chinobva kumuchato weIcelandic muna 1408, iyo yakazorekodhwa paHvalsey Church muIceland, nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa zvakanakisisa muNorway.
vanhu
Idzi nzendo refu dzinoitikawo kuchamhembe kwehemisphere. Iyo Medieval Warm Period yakabatana nekugadziriswa kweNew Zealand uye kuvandudzwa kwenzira nyowani dzekutengesa muPacific Rim.
Mamiriro okunze anodziya eiyi nhambo akaunza zvikomborero zvakawanda kuzvinomera zvepasi nemhuka, asi mune mamwe mativi enyika upenyu hwavanhu hwakatoipisisa nokusanaya kwemvura kwakakomba. Zvikamu zveWestern America nemaguta makuru eMayan eCentral America akarohwa nekusanaya kwemvura kukuru, uye budiriro yeAndean yakasvava mukutarisana nokudururwa kweLake Titicaca uye kuyerera kwemvura yakachena mumipata yegungwa.
Nzanga duku dzakapararira munharaunda yePacific dzakamanikidzirwa kubatanidzwa kuva nzanga huru uye dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzakanangidzirwa mumhenderekedzo yegungwa. Vanounganidza hove uye vanoiwedzera nezvinhu zvitsva zvekurima (kuvaka migero nemagadheni akanyura mumvura, minda yekurima munzvimbo dzakadzika uye kudiridza zvirimwa zvepasi).
Kusiyana neizvi, La Niña inounza mhepo yakasimba yemonsoonal kumatunhu akaoma ekuchamhembe, nechepakati uye kumadokero kweAustralia, kuwedzera mafashamo uye dutu remhepo, zvichida kukanganisa maitiro ekugadzirisa vavhimi mumatunhu aya.
Idi rokuti mamwe mativi enyika akabudirira chaizvoizvo mukati Nguva yeMedieval Warm Period inopa nharo dzezvinzvimbo zvevanopokana nezvekudziya kwepasirese. Asi pane misiyano miviri yakakosha inoita kuti Nguva yeMedieval Warm isiyane nezvatinosangana nazvo izvozvi.
Iyo yekutanga inoshandiswa nhasi enzanisa tembiricha neMedieval Warm Period ndeye 1960-1990. Nepo mamwe matunhu asangana kana kudarika iyi yekutanga, paavhareji yepasi rose pasi richiri kutonhora kupfuura zvariri nhasi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve medieval inodziya nguva uye maitiro ayo.