Munhau yose, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuverenga nhamba dzine chokuita nokusimukira kwebudiriro huru dzakanyorwa. Anonyanya kufarirwa ndeaya: maEgypt, maBabironi, maRoma, maChinese, hurongwa hwatinoziva parizvino sedecimal kana Indo-Arabic, neMayan system. Iyo yekupedzisira, inoshandiswa neve pre-Columbian civilizations, ine yedecimal numbering system, kureva, munheyo makumi maviri. Maererano nezvinyorwa zvezvakaitika kare, iyo hurongwa ndeye vigesimal nokuti inobva pahuwandu hwehuwandu hweminwe uye zvigunwe. The mayan number Vave vachinyatsozivikanwa munhoroondo yose uye nhasi.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze kuti nhamba dzeMayan chii, maitiro avo, mavambo uye kukosha.
Mayan budiriro
Tisati tataura nezvehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevaMaya, tinofanira kutsanangura muchidimbu kuti vaive vanaani kuitira kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwavo kukuru munyika yeAmerica uye kukosha kwenhamba yavo.
VaMaya vaive imwe yetsika huru dzenharaunda inozivikanwa seMesoamerica, inogara Mesoamerica kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC kusvika muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX AD. Akanga ari rimwe remaguta anokosha zvikuru muAmerica yose uye vakaita basa guru mukushanduka kwetsika muAmerica yose neMesoamerica. Kunyange zvazvo yakachengetwa kwamazana amakore akawanda, zvokwadi ndeyokuti yakanga isina ukoshi hwakafanana munguva dzose idzi, asi kunyange zvakadaro, gadziriro yayo yemasvomhu yakapararira kumaguta akawanda.
Pasinei nokuva vanhu vekare vakadaro, chokwadi ndechokuti vaMaya vakanga vari imwe yetsika dzakanyanya kufambira mberi, vachibudirira mune zvesayenzi mberi kwemarudzi akawanda eEurope. kwete munhoroondo yeAmerica chete asiwo munhoroondo yevanhu.
mayan number
Yakabatanidzwa nehurongwa hwenhamba dzeMaya, tinowana chinyorwa cheMaya, chiMaya pictographic system umo nhamba huru yemapikicha yakasanganiswa nezvimwe zviratidzo kuita hurongwa hwekunyora yakakura uye yakaoma, inogona kunge iri yekutanga yeMesoamerican yakakura yekunyora system. Kudhirowa kuenzanisa nechimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa zviri nani, tinogona kutaura kuti kunyora kweMayan kwakafanana chaizvo nekunyora kweEgypt, kunyanya nezve hieroglyphics.
Kuburikidza nemuchina wakafanana nemaglyphs anoshandiswa mukunyora, tinoona kuvepo kwenhamba system, iyo inoshandisawo nhamba huru yezviratidzo. Zviratidzo izvi zvine chekuita nezuva, mwedzi uye gore, sezvo maMayan manhamba hurongwa hwakanga husina kunangana nekugadzirisa matambudziko emasvomhu, asi zvinopesana neruzhinji rwevanhu vekuEurope, kushandisa kwavo nhamba yehurongwa kwaive kuyera nguva. sekarenda yeMayan. Chakanga chiri chinhu chakanyanya kukosha chebudiriro.
Iyo Mayan nhamba system yaive vigesimal., zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa kumirira zvinhu zvakaita semitsetse, hozhwa, uye madotsi, ndokusaka zviratidzo zvakawanda zvikuru zvinomirira nhamba zvakafanana zvikuru kune chimwe nechimwe. Nekune rimwe divi, sisitimu iyi zvakare ine chinzvimbo, ichichinja kukosha kwenhamba zvichienderana nekuti chiratidzo chiri papi, ichiwedzera nhamba kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakavakirwa pahurefu hwakawanda.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muchidzidzo ichi tiri kutaura nezvekutanga manhamba hurongwa hwevaMaya, sezvo kwaive nedzimwe, dzakareruka masisitimu, ayo inoshandiswa muchikamu chimwe chete chehupenyu, senge isingawanzo shandiswa hurongwa hwekutengeserana kana hurongwa hwemaumbirwo emusoro anoshandiswa muzvinyorwa umo nhamba dzinomiririrwa nemifananidzo yemusoro.
Mhando huru
Kuti tirambe tichidzidza nezveMayan manhamba system uye nhamba dzeMayan, tinoda kukurukura nzira dzinoshandiswa kunyora nhamba idzi, izvo zvakakosha kuona mienzaniso kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwezviratidzo.
Iyo Mayan yedhijitari yekunyora sisitimu yakavakirwa pazvinhu zvitatu zvikuru:
- Mapoinzi Anomiririra Zvikwata
- Mitsetse inofananidzira 5
- Hozhwa yakashandiswa kumiririra 0, nhamba isina kujairika mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeMesoamerican.
Nekushandisa zviratidzo zvitatu izvi, maMaya akagadzira nhamba kubva pa0 kusvika pa20, apo 0 ndiyo hozhwa, uye dzimwe nhamba dzinogadzirwa nekuwedzera madhishi uye madotsi., sa6, inomiririrwa nemutsara uye dot. Pfungwa yekutanga yemakumi maviri ekutanga nhamba ndeye kushandisa mitsara uye madotsi kugadzira chero nhamba.
Iyo yeMayan manhamba system yakashandiswa nepre-Columbian Mayan budiriro yaive yedesimali yekuverengera system, ndiko kuti, hwaro hwemakumi maviri. Kunobva iyi count base indekisi yemunwe inowanikwa nekuwedzera zvigunwe nezvigunwe. MuMayan manhamba system, magirafu akavakirwa pazviratidzo. Zviratidzo zvakashandiswa madotsi uye mbariro dzakachinjika. uye, kana iri zero, maovha akafanana nehoko dzegungwa.
Huwandu hwemadotsi mashanu hunogadzira bha, saka dai taizonyora nhamba sere muchiMayan notation, taizoshandisa madotsi matatu mubhawa. Nhamba 4, 5 ne20 dzaikosha kuvaMaya nokuti vaidavira kuti 5 yaiumba chikwata (ruoko), nepo nhamba 4 yaibatanidzwa nenhamba yezvikamu zvina zve5, izvo zvaiumba munhu (minwe makumi maviri). .
Nhamba inomiririra yevaMaya inoiswa pasi pehurongwa kana mwero weshanduko, uye inogara yakavakirwa pa20 uye kuwanda kwayo. Maererano nenhoroondo, kuverenga kwevaMayans kwakatanga kushandisa chiratidzo che zero kururamisa kukosha kusina maturo. Kurongeka kwenhamba mudzimba dzenhamba inopihwawo kuMayan numeral system.
Kukosha kwenhamba dzeMayan
Panhamba dzinotangira pamakumi maviri, huremu hwechinzvimbo chaiswa hunochinja nhamba zvichienderana nehupamhi hwehurefu huripo. Pfungwa ndeyekuti nhamba inoramba iri munzvimbo iri pazasi, chero nhamba kubva pa0 kusvika pa20, uyezve imwe nhamba inoiswa munzvimbo yepamusoro, yakapetwa ne20.
Matanho akasiyana anoratidza nhamba yenguva nhamba yekutanga inopetwa nemakumi maviri, uye kureba kwenhamba huru kwakasiyanawo.
Mimwe mienzaniso yeMayan manhamba system ndeiyi inotevera:
- 25: Doti repamusoro rinopetwa nemakumi maviri, uye mutsetse wepasi unomiririra mashanu.
- 20: Doti riri pamusoro rinopetwa nemakumi maviri, uye hozhwa iri pazasi inomiririra zero.
- 61: Madotsi matatu epamusoro anopetwa nemakumi maviri, inova makumi matanhatu, uye yepasi inomiririra 60.
- 122: Madotsi maviri ari pazasi anomiririra 2, uye dot nemutsara kumusoro zvinomiririra chigadzirwa chemakumi maviri.
- 8000: Imwe pfungwa nhatu ine hozhwa, hozhwa yega yega inomiririra zero, uye nekuda kwekuvapo kwematanho matatu, inonongedza katatu kakapetwa makumi maviri.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mesh manhamba uye kukosha kwawo.