Cliff inzvimbo yenzvimbo inotora chimiro chemateru. Nenzira iyi, inogona kuoneka pamahombekombe, makomo kana mahombekombe enzizi. Cliff coast igungwa rinocheka richidzika, ukuwo cliff seafloor ihombekombe inoita nhanho kana mawere. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi mawere chii.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti chii chinonzi dombo, maitiro aro uye kukosha kwe geological.
mawere chii
Matombo acho anowanzo kuumbwa nematombo anoramba kukukurwa uye mamiriro ekunze, akadai selimonite, sandstone, dolomite uye limestone. Makomo kana mawere materu ane matombo anongoerekana adimbura pasi. Irwo rudzi rwakakosha rwemawere anoumbwa nekufamba kwevhu kana tectonic kukanganisa.
Kune mawere, mapopoma nemapako kumashure. Vamwe, kune rumwe rutivi, vanoguma pamagumo emucheto. Kune rumwe rutivi, mawere makuru emahombekombe akaita seslab anonzi bluffs. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti dombo rinoshandiswa kune yakanyanyisa mitambo. Kana vari vanogeza mugungwa, vanosvetuka kubva ipapo kuti vanyure. Matombo emakomo anobvumira kusvetuka kweparachute kana paragliding.
Asi handiyo yega mitambo yaunogona kuita mairi. Zvakajairwawo kuti vanhu vazhinji vanoda zvekunze uye zvekunakidzwa vatendeukire kune avo vanoita maekisesaizi, sekukwira dombo. Kunyanya, kune akati wandei marudzi echirango ichi, akamira pakati pezvirango zvese zvinozivikanwa se picobloc.
Iyi nzira yakajairika yemawere uye ine vanhu vanobatanidzwa, kuti unofanira kuva nyanzvi zvikuru mune izvi, kuzviita pasina kushandisa tambo kana inishuwarenzi. Hongu zvinoitika mumhando iyi yenzvimbo apo vanokwira havaiti njodzi yekuputsika kana kudhumhana nematombo ematombo pakudonha, asi vanozviita vakananga mugungwa.
Mawere muTenerife
Kune nzvimbo muTenerife uko vagari nevashanyi vanogona kudzidzira marudzi ese emitambo. Tinotaura kune vane mukurumbira Makomo eLos Gigantes, iri pakati pemataundi eSantiago del Teide neBuenavista del Norte. Vagari vekare veBerber pachitsuwa ichi, maGuanches, anozivikanwa seMasvingo eGehena, uye vanozivikanwa nenjodzi yavo yegomo remoto ine madziro makuru akatwasuka. Iwo anonyanya kuwanikwa pakati pe300 ne600 metres pamusoro pegungwa.
Mushanyi anouya kukona iyi yechisikigo haangofariri kuona mawere aya, asi anogonawo kuita zviitiko zvakasiyana munzvimbo dzayo, senge scuba diving, sezvo nzvimbo iyi ine inoshamisa yepasi pegungwa.
Dombo rakakura kwazvo pasi rose riri muKarakoram Makomo ePakistan. Ndiwo madziro ekumabvazuva eTorres del Trago uye akareba mamita 1.340. Kune rimwe divi, mawere makuru emahombekombe ari muKaolapapa, Hawaii. Kureba kwayo i1.010 metres.
Mhando huru
Hunhu hwayo hukuru hunotevera:
- Iwo anonyanya kuumbwa ne limestone, dolomite uye sandstone, izvo zvakaoma kubvisa.
- Vane kukwira kwepamusoro uye kutsetseka kwakanyatso kudzika kunopera nguva dzose mukuzorora munzvimbo yepasi.
- Iwo ndiwo mhedzisiro yekukanganisa kana shanduko mune lithology.
- Mune iyi tsaona yenzvimbo, mamiriro ekukura kwezvirimwa haana kukwana, asi mamwe akajairana nenzvimbo.
- Iwo anoumbwa kuburikidza nekukukurwa kwevhu uye mamiriro ekunze.
- Mavhu kubva kumawere anova chikamu chepasi pegungwa, icho chinozokukurwa nemasaisai.
- Mujinga memawere, matombo akaungana nekufamba kwenguva, achigadzira izvo zvinonzi materu.
Kuumbwa uye marudzi
Kana tangoziva kuti dombo chii uye maitiro aro, tichaona maumbirwo aro nemhando. Makomo anowanzo kuumbwa kuburikidza nekukukurwa kwakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro emamiriro ekunze. Maitiro ekupedzisira anoitika apo zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakaita semhepo nemvura zvinoita kuti matombo atsemuke. Munharaunda dzemahombekombe kune mhepo ine simba uye masaisai ane simba anoparadzanisa matombo akapfava uye akawedzera granular kubva kune denser rocks.
Zvimedu zvidiki zvedombo zvinotsemuka nemamiriro ekunze zvinonzi sediments kana alluvium, umo mawere egungwa aya madhipoziti chikamu chepasi uye anodhonzwa nemafungu, nepo pamawere emukati vanozvuzvurudzwa nenzizi nemhepo. Matombo makuru anodaidzwa kuti taludes uye anotutirana pazasi pemawere. Zvinogona kuumbwa nekunyungudika kwekuita kwemafungu egungwa achiparadza nheyo dzese dzepasi rakapoteredzwa, uye nheyo yezvinhu zvinopa bako rinokanganisa chikamu chepamusoro chemawere uye chobva chadzika.
Kune marudzi anotevera emawere:
- mawere anoshanda: Mhando iyi yemawere inowanikwa pamvura yakadzika uye zvigadziko zvadzo zvinorohwa nemafungu. Izvo zvakanyungudutswa hazvina kuiswa mariri zvakare, asi zvinotakurwa nemhepo yegungwa.
- Inactive Cliffs: Muchiitiko ichi, mawere anoumbwa pamapuratifomu ejecha, asingasviki nemafungu, saka ari kure kubva kumhenderekedzo yegungwa.
Zvido zvemawere
Mamwe emhando dzemawere anotaurwa pazasi:
- Mazhinji emawere aivepo akaumbwa nemazaya echando ayo dzakambofukidza chikamu chikuru chepasi mukati meIzi Age.
- Iwo anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuti anoumba akakosha enzvimbo senge mapopoma emvura.
- Mamwe mawere makuru ari paNyika ari pasi pemvura. Semuenzaniso, kune mawere pane ridge mukati meKermadec Trench uye iwe unogona kuwana kudonha kwe8000 m mukuwedzera kwe4250 m.
- Maererano nezvinyorwa zvenyika, mawere egungwa akakwirira pasi rose iKalaupapa muHawaii pakukwirira kwemamita 1010.
Pakati pemawere makuru muEurope tine zvinotevera:
- Cliffs yeMoher iri muIreland.
- Cliffs yeDover muUK.
- Preikestolen muNorway.
- Los Gigantes muTenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
- kjerag muNorway
- Makomo eHerbeira muCoruña, Galicia.
- Yesnaby Cliffs iri muScotland.
- Cabo de Peñas muAsturias, Spain.
Isu tine mamwe emawere ane mukurumbira pasi rose:
Mimwe mienzaniso yemawere ndeiyi:
- Kalaupapa Cliffs muHawaii.
- Cliffs yeLos Gigantes muSpain.
- Fira mawere muGreece.
- Etretat muFrance.
- Cape Enniberg muFarae Islands.
- Sorvagsvatn mawere muFaroe Islands.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve dombo uye maitiro aro.