Isu tinoziva kuti papasi redu pane akawanda mhando dzemakomo ane akasiyana hunhu uye kuti vanopfuura mumwe vangatishamisa. Imwe yacho ndeye mauna kea. Ndiyo yepamusoro soro mudunhu reHawaii uye igomo rinoputika iro, kana rikatorwa kubva kunheyo yaro sepokutangira, rinoonekwa segomo rakakwirira kwazvo pasi rose. Kana tikazviverenga kubva panzvimbo ino, yakatopfuura Gomo reEverest.
Naizvozvo, tiri kuzotsaurira chinyorwa ichi kukuudza zvese hunhu, mavambo uye kuputika kweMauna Kea volcano.
Mhando huru
Zita raMauna Kea rinobva kuHawaii uye zvinoreva gomo chena. Ndiyo imwe yemakomo akare anoumba chitsuwa ichi. Iyo yechina yechinyakare uye inoonekwa segomo rinoyera nevanhu vekuHawaii. Icho volcano uko iwe unogona kuwana hukuru hwakasiyana hwezvisikwa uye ecosystems anoumbwa neanowanikwa maruva uye mhuka nzvimbo, saka ine kukosha kukuru kwetsika uye zvakasikwa. Inoonekwa seutiziro hwehuwandu hwenzvimbo dzemuno uye haina kukosha muHawaii chete, asi pasirese.
Imwe yekuda kuziva uko gomo reMauna Kea rinomira nekuda kwekuti ine nzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura Mount Everest. Inoonekwa segomo rakakwirira kwazvo pasirese sekureba sekukwirira kubva pachigadziko charo kuverengwa.
Inotaridzwa segomo rakarara. Iri munzvimbo yekuchamhembe-pakati pechitsuwa chiri pakati pePacific Ocean. Yakawanda yehuremu hwayo ichiri pasi pemvura, ndosaka Mount Everest ichiwanzodaidzwa kuti ndiyo yepamusoro-soro. Kubva pasi kuzasi kwemuromo wegungwa, rakareba kupfuura 9.000 metres, asi iyo chaiyo nhamba haina kujeka. Inofungidzirwa kuti kukwirira kwayo kuri pakati pe9.330 uye 9.966 metres, kana kutodarika zviuru gumi zvemamita. Sekureva kweUnited States Geological Survey, iri 4.205 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Vhoriyamu yayo ingangoita 3.200 cubic kilometres.
Iyo volcano yakaita senhoo ine musoro wegomo wakafukidzwa nesinou. Hongu, kunyange hazvo Hawaii isiri nzvimbo inoenderana nechando, Mauna Kea ine chando uye, mukati memwedzi yechando, inonyora kudonha kwechando (saka zita racho). Aya maitiro anoita kuti ive inozivikanwa nzvimbo yeku iyo tsika yemitambo yakadai sekusvetuka nemuchando. Nekuda kwehurefu hwayo, nzvimbo, mhepo yakachena uye chinhambwe kubva kumaguta makuru, materesikopu uye nzvimbo dzekuongorora zvakaiswa.
Mauna Kea kuputika kwemakomo
Tiri kutaura nezve gomo rakarara risingamuke chero nguva. Uye ndezvekuti angangoita ese anoputika makomo anogona kumuka chero nguva uye opinda kutenderera kwekuputika zvakare.
Mauna Kea anofungidzirwa kunge angangoita miriyoni imwe yemakore. Kuve inodzivirira gomo, inoumbwa zvese nekuunganidzwa kwematanho akati wandei emarara anoputika, achidira mumativi ese, achiumba materu akapfava uye maumbirwo akapamhama. Nekudaro, iwo mabota mune ino kesi ane viscous zvakanyanya uye nzvimbo yakatetepa inoumbwa. Kunyanya, zvinonzi yanga iri munzvimbo yekuchengetedza nekuti yapinda muchikamu chekuchinja, uye chiitiko chayo chekuputika chakaderera kupfuura makore mazana mana apfuura. Nekudaro, kunge chero gomo risingagone, rinogona kumuka chero nguva.
Kwayakatangira inzvimbo inopisa muHawaii, nharaunda ine yakakwirira volcanic chiitiko. Iyo ndiro yePacific inotsvedza kupfuura ino, uko magma easaltic kuumbwa kunokwira, inoparadza gungwa regungwa uye rinoita sedutu panguva yekuputika. Mupfungwa iyi, Mauna Kea akatanga segomo rinoputika pasi pemvura, kudzamara mativi akateerana ekuputika kwemarara akaputana ndokuipa chimiro chayo chazvino. Mazhinji echimiro chayo akavakwa muPleistocene.
Post-shield zviitiko zvakatanga makore anodarika makumi matanhatu ezviuru apfuura; kusvika pamazana mazana matatu ezviuru, mushure mezvo yakatanga kudurura alkaline basalt.
Mauna Kea anoputika
Nguva yekupedzisira Mauna Kea payakaitika yaive makore mazana mashanu nemazana mashanu nemazana matanhatu apfuura. Yakanga ichishanda zvakanyanya mudziviriro nhanho makore angangoita mazana mashanu ezviuru apfuura, uye mushure mekusvika padanho rekumusoro rekudzivirira, chiitiko chakadzikama kudzimara chave gomo rakamira.
Kune mashoma akasimbiswa zviitiko zvekuputika kwenhoroondo; ndiko kuti, angangoita matanhatu, ese akaitika pamberi peNguva yaVose.Makore angangoita zviuru zvina mazana matanhatu kusvika zvima- 4.000 apfuura, mafuro manomwe anogona kunge akaputika uye achimiririra kumwe kuputika kuri kuitika munguva pfupi yapfuura. Ichi chiitiko chekupedzisira pasina mubvunzo chakaburitsa akati wandei cinder cones uye mavefu kumaodzanyemba nekumaodzanyemba mativi pane imwe nguva muHolocene.
Geology
Mauna Kea ndeimwe yemakomo mashanu anopisa anoumba Gungwa Huru reHawaii uye ndicho chitsuwa chikuru uye chidiki muHawaii Emperor Seamount Chain. Pamusangano waro, gomo rinoputika reMauna Kea harisi rinoonekera, asi akateedzana emakoni anoumbwa nedota uye pumice dombo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane gomo rinoputika pamusoro pegomo, iro rakafukidzwa nedutu kubva pakuputika kwegomo kwakatevera.
Makomo anoputika eMauna Kea ane huwandu hweanopfuura makiromita mazana matatu nemazana masere uye huwandu hwayo hwakakura zvekuti, pamwe chete negomo rinoputika reMauna Loa, rakagadzira kushushikana mumakungwa emakungwa matanhatu emakiromita. Volcano inoenderera ichitsvedza uye kutsikirira pasi payo pachiyero chisingasviki 3,200 mm pagore.
Mauna Kea ndiyo chete gomo rinoputika muHawaii rine glaciation yakasimba, inosanganisira rurimi rwechando uye glaciation. Saizvozvowo glacial deposits anogona kunge aripo paMauna Loa, asi aya madhipatimendi akafukidzwa nekuzotevera kuyerera kwemvura. Kunyangwe Hawaii iri munzvimbo dzinopisa, kudonha kwe1 degree mukushisa pamusoro peakasiyana mazera echando zvinokwana kuchengetedza chando pamusoro pegomo mukati mezhizha rose, nekudaro vachiumba chando. Pave paine matatu glaciation mumakore ekupedzisira zana nemakumi masere emakore, ayo anonzi Pohakuloa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve gomo reMauna Kea nehunhu hwayo.