Mugariro (settlement) izwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangura nharaunda kana boka revanhu vanogara panzvimbo yakati nechinangwa chekugara nekuvaka dzimba dzavo ipapo. Idzi nzvimbo dzekugara dzinogona kuve dzemhando dzakasiyana, dzakadai semataundi, maguta, misha, kana misasa, uye dzinogona kusiyana muhukuru uye chimiro. Kune akasiyana marudzi ekugara uye chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine maitiro akasiyana.
Nokudaro, munyaya ino tichakuudza nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzekugara dziripo, maitiro avo uye kukosha.
Chii chinonzi settlements
Kazhinji, nzvimbo dzekugara dzinoumbwa kana boka revanhu rinosarudza kugara mune imwe nzvimbo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Izvi zvikonzero zvinogona kusanganisira kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, semvura uye ivhu rakaorera, mikana yehupfumi, sebasa kana kutengeserana, kana zvikonzero zvetsika nemagariro, sekuve pedyo nedzimwe nhengo dzenharaunda kana nzvimbo dzenhoroondo kana dzechitendero.
Kugara kunogona kukura uye kukura nekufamba kwenguva sezvo vanhu vazhinji vanosarudza kubatana navo. Kazhinji dzimba nezvivakwa zvinovakwa kuti zvipe pekugara uye nyaradzo kune vanhu vanogara mukugara. Pamusoro pedzimba, nzvimbo dzekugara dzinogona kusanganisira zvivakwa zveveruzhinji nemasevhisi, akadai sezvikoro, zvipatara, zvitoro, misika, uye nzvimbo dzekutandarira.
Kugara uku Vanogona kusiyanisa pamwero wavo wekukura uye hupenyu hwehupenyu. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinogara vanhu dzinogona kunge dzichiwana zvikwanisiro zvakaita semagetsi, mvura yepombi nehutsanana, nepo dzimwe dzichishaya. Uyewo, pane dzimwe nguva, misha inogona kumuka zvisina kurongwa, pasina kuronga kwakakodzera uye mabasa anokosha, izvo zvingaguma nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kusimba kune avo vanogara ikoko.
Basa rekugara kwevanhu
Basa rekukurumidza rekugara kwevanhu kupi zvako nderokupa pekugara. Sevanhu vapenyu, vanhu vanofanirwa kutsvaga dziviriro kubva kuzvinhu zvakasikwa zvinogona kuvakanganisa kana kukonzera kusagadzikana: mvura, mhuka dzesango, vamwe vanhu, nezvimwe. Sezvo nzvimbo dzokugara dzakakura uye mabasa adzo akawedzera kana kuti kuchinja, mabasa avo ezvemari akasvika pakutanhamara.
Dzimwe nyika dzakatanga kuumbwa kuti dzishande senzvimbo dzeupfumi dzakasarudzwa. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yeNorilsk, Russia, yakavambwa kuchamhembe kweArctic Circle, ine makomo uye nekutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze, asi yakapfuma muzvicherwa uye inzvimbo yeindasitiri yekuchera migodhi nekunyungudutsa. Nhasi, nderimwe remaguta akasvibiswa zvikuru pasi rose, ane kushomeka kwemiti, asi vanhu vakawanda.
Zana remakore rechiXNUMX risati rasvika, marongerwo enzvimbo yokugara yainyanya kuenderana nokuti yaiva panzvimbo yakaoma kurwisa, yakadai sepamusoro pechikomo; yakanga ine nzvimbo yakati sandara, yakanga iri pedyo nemasango namanyuko emvura yakachena, uye yakanga ine mambure akati kuti senzira yekurukurirano, yakadai sorwizi. Gare gare, zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvakarasika, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakaoma-kurwisa, asi mamwe akawedzerwa. Nzvimbo dzakanaka kana dzinonakidza dzakakoshawo nhasi.
Mhando dzekugara
Kugara kwevanhu kunogona kuve kwechigarire kana kwechinguvana, zvichienderana nekutsungirira kwavo kwenguva refu. Vanhu ava kazhinji vaive vemarudzi kana mapoka evanotama-tama, vaitsvaga zvekudya kana vanobva kune dzimwe nyika. Vanhu vari munzvimbo dzekugara kwenguva pfupi vanogona kudzokera kunogara mushure mekubva. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, nzvimbo dzekugara zvachose hadzina kusiiwa.
misha yakagadzirwa
Inorongwa uye yakarongedzerwa maererano nemitemo yemuguta. Vakakamurwa kuva:
- Urban: Maguta nhasi ndiwo misha mikuru uye ine vanhu vakawanda. Maguta inzvimbo dzechigarire dzakakura kupfuura maguta, dzine hurongwa hwakaoma hwemabasa eruzhinji, hutano, zvekufambisa, uye dzimba. Iyo ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwedzimba uye zvimwe zvimiro zvetsika senge migwagwa mikuru, mabhiriji, migwagwa mikuru, uye nzira dzemigwagwa. Vazhinji vevagari vari kuita mabasa asiri ezvekurima. Idi rokuti ivo vari veboka renzvimbo dzokugara dzakabudirira hazvirevi kuti maguta akabudirira, sezvo mamwe maguta, akadai seCalcutta kana kuti Sao Paulo, ari enyika dzisina kubudirira kana kuti dzichiri kusimukira. Kutaura zvazviri, maguta ari mumatunhu ari kusimukira ari kukura nokukurumidza zvikuru.
- Metropolis: Ndokusaka guta rakakura kwazvo richinzi nzvimbo yepamusoro yehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye tsika, seLondon kana Tokyo. Nzvimbo yemetropolitan inoumbwa nenzvimbo dzemudhorobha dzakawanda dzinogovana masevhisi akafanana uye zvivakwa. A megacity inoumbwa kana maviri kana anopfuura mametropolitan nzvimbo dzakaungana.
- Villas: Inotsanangurwa senzvimbo dzinogara vanhu dzakakura kudarika maguta asi idiki pane maguta, ine vanhu vari pakati pe2.500 ne20.000 vanhu. Havazivikanwi nenyika dzose, uye havana mamwe mazita.
- Suburbans: Inzvimbo dzekugara dziri kunze kweguta. Vane vanhu vashoma uye vanonyanya kuumbwa nedzimba dzemhuri imwe chete, pamwe nezvitoro nemamwe mabasa. Ivo zvakare vanowanzova nenzvimbo yakawanda uye shoma traffic kupfuura maguta.
- Suburbs kana periphery. Ndidzo nzvimbo dziri kuseri kwesuburban. Iwo ndiwo anonyanya kugara, uye kazhinji vagari vazhinji vanoenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo, angave mumaguta kana emudhorobha, kunoshanda. Dzimwe nguva dzinonzi "mataundi ekurara."
- Kumaruwa kana kumataundi. Nzvimbo dzekugara idzi dzakakura kudarika maguta, asi idiki pane maguta. Vane vanhu vashoma uye vanhu vanowanzo zvipira kune zvekurima, zvipfuyo, zvicherwa kana kubata hove.
- Misha: Ose inzvimbo diki dzekugara, asi maitiro adzo anosiyana nyika nenyika. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, misha inogona kuenzana muhukuru nemaguta, asi chaainacho ose kusakwana kwezvivakwa uye kuwanda kwevanhu. Huwandu hwayo hunosvika vanhu mazana maviri.
- Mapurazi: Vanosiyaniswa kubva kune mamwe misha yekumaruwa nehudiki hwavo uye chokwadi chekuti vagari vanowanzopfuya mombe. Vanowanzoita zvekurima kana zvipfuyo.
Kugara zvisina kurongwa/kusiririsa
Kusiyana nezvirimwa zvakapfuura, ivo vakagadziridzwa, vasina kurongeka, vakacheneswa, vasina hanya kana kuti havapo. Dzimba idzi dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvisina kusimba senge kadhibhodhi uye foil, uye vagari vemukati vanowanzoungana pamwechete. Zvichienderana nenyika, vane mazita akasiyana: favelas, nharaunda dzeparutivi, zvitangwena nemasabhubhu, pakati pevamwe.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvemhando dzekugara dziripo uye maitiro avo.