Munhau yose, masayendisiti akawanda ave achikurudzira dzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pokuumbwa kwemapuraneti, chadenga nechadenga. Muchiitiko ichi, tichataura pamusoro pedzidziso yemazuva ano ye maplanetesimals. Iyi imhando yedzidziso inoratidza kuti mapuraneti akaumbwa kuburikidza nebhura regasi neguruva renyeredzi.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza nezve maitiro eiyo dzidziso yemazuva ano yemaplanetesimals, akaikurudzira uye nemhedzisiro yaaive nayo munyika yezvenyeredzi nesainzi.
Chii chinonzi dzidziso yemapuraneti?
Dzidziso yemaplanetesimals ifungidziro inoedza kutsanangura kuti mapuraneti akaumbwa sei muhurongwa hwedu hwezuva uye mune dzimwe nyeredzi. Maererano nedzidziso iyi, mapuraneti anobva mugore regasi neguruva rinonzi protoplanetary nebula.
Chekutanga, dzidziso iyi inoburitsa kuti protoplanetary nebula ndiyo mhedzisiro yegore guru remamorekuru rinodonha pasi pesimba regiravhiti. Sezvo gore rinobatana, rinotanga kutenderera nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti pave neaccretion disk yakakomberedza nyeredzi yechidiki inonzi progenitor star.
Mukati meiyi accretion disk, zvidimbu zvidiki zveguruva neaizi, inozivikanwa semaplanetesimals, dzinotanga kubonderana uye kuungana nokuda kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi. Aya maplanetesimal ndiwo hwaro hwemapuraneti emangwana. Sezvo ivo vachiramba vachikura kubva mukudhumhana nekubatana, maplanetesimals anova maprotoplanets, ari kugadzira miviri yemapuraneti.
Imwe yeakakosha maitiro emaplanetesimals saizi yavo. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kubva muhukuru kubva pamakiromita mashoma kusvika kumazana emakiromita mudhayamita. Huremu hwayo uye kuumbwa kwayo kunogonawo kuve kwakasiyana, zvichienderana nenzvimbo mukati meiyo accretion disk uye zvinhu zviripo.
Uyezve, dzidziso yemaplanetesimals inotsanangura Mapuraneti ane matombo nemapuraneti egasi anoumbwa sei?. Mapuraneti ane matombo, akadai sePasi neMars, anoumba pedyo nenyeredzi yevabereki, uko kune tembiricha dzakakwirira uye zvinhu zvakasimba zvinopararira. Mapuraneti egasi, akadai seJupiter neSaturn, anoumba kumatunhu ari kure, uko kunenge kuchitonhora uye kune gasi uye zvinhu zvechando zvawanda.
Sezvo maprotoplanets ari kuramba achikura, vanogona kutora zvinhu zvakawanda uye pakupedzisira vova mapuraneti akura. Theory yePlanetesimal inopa tsananguro inowirirana yekuti mapuraneti anowana sei huremu hwawo, orbit, uye kuumbwa.
Ndiani akapa pfungwa iyi?
Dzidziso yemapuraneti yakagadziridzwa uye yakagadziridzwa nemasayendisiti akasiyana munhoroondo yese. Mumwe wevakatanga kubatsira zvikuru aive nyanzvi yenyeredzi yekuFrance uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu Pierre-Simon Laplace. Akaberekwa muna 1749. Laplace aizivikanwa nebasa rake pamakanika ekudenga uye dzidziso yegiravhiti. Zvidzidzo zvake pamusoro pekuumbwa kwesolar system uye kugadzikana kwemapuraneti zvakaisa hwaro hwemazano akazotevera pamapuraneti.
Mumwe musayendisiti akakosha mune iyi dzidziso ndiye weSweden astronomer uye astrophysicist Victor Safronov. Akazvarwa muna 1917, Safronov akazivikanwa nebasa rake rine simba pakuumbwa uye kushanduka kwemapuraneti. Akapa pfungwa yeplanetesimal hypothesis uye akatsanangura kukosha kwayo mukuumbwa kwemapuraneti.
Uyewo vazivi venyeredzi Gerald Kuiper naGeorge Wetherill, yakabatsira zvikuru padzidziso yemapuraneti. Gerald Kuiper, akazvarwa muna 1905, aive nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga anozivikanwa netsvakiridzo yake pamusoro pesolar system uye kuumbwa kwemapuraneti. Basa rake rakabatsira mukunzwisisa Kuiper belt zvinhu uye hukama hwavo kune maplanetesimals.
Kune rimwe divi, George Wetherill aive nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga yekuAmerica akaberekwa muna 1925, uye akakunda mumunda wesainzi yepuraneti uye cosmogony. Akaita tsvakiridzo yakakosha pamusoro pekudhumhana uye kuunganidzwa kwemapuraneti, uye akagadzira mamodhi enhamba kutevedzera kushanduka kwavo uye kuumbwa kwepasi.
Kukosha kwedzidziso yemaplanetesimals mune zvenyeredzi
Dzidziso yemapuraneti yakakosha zvikuru mumunda wesainzi uye nyeredzi nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo uye mipiro. Dzidziso iyi yakapa hwaro hwakasimba hwekunzwisisa maitirwo epasi mugadziriro yedu yezuva uye yakaisa hwaro hwekudzidza kuumbwa kwepasi mune dzimwe nyeredzi. Izvi ndizvo zvikonzero zvikuru zvekukosha kweiyo theory yeplanetesimal mune zvenyeredzi:
- Kwakabva solar system: Dzidziso yemapuraneti yakaita kuti zvikwanise kutsanangura kuti solar system yedu yakaumbwa sei kubva kune protoplanetary nebula. Zvinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti mapuraneti, kusanganisira edu pachedu, akamuka sei kubva kuzvinhu zvidiki uye kuti akashanduka sei nekufamba kwenguva.
- Kuumbwa kwemapuraneti eextrasolar: Dzidziso iyi haingoshandi chete kune yedu solar system, asi yakave yakakosha pakudzidza nekunzwisisa kuumbwa kwepasi mune dzimwe nyeredzi. Nekutarisa nekuongorora madhisiki eprotoplanetary akatenderedza nyeredzi diki, vanoongorora nyeredzi vakawana humbowo hwekuvapo kwemapuraneti uye vakakwanisa kufungidzira kuti mapuraneti anoumbwa sei munzvimbo idzi.
- Kuumbwa uye kushanduka kwemapuraneti: Dzidziso yemapuraneti inotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti kuumbwa uye kuumbwa kwemapuraneti kunowanikwa sei. Kudhumhana uye kuunganidzwa kwemapuraneti panguva yekuumbwa kwemapuraneti kunoita basa rakakosha pakuona kuumbwa kwemukati nekunze kwemapuraneti, pamwe nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nepasi.
- Kugoverwa kwemapuraneti nemapuraneti masisitimu: Dzidziso iyi yakaita kuti kunzwisiswe kuparadzirwa uye kusiyana-siyana kwemapuraneti ari muchadenga. Zvinotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti nei mamwe masisitimu enyeredzi aine mapuraneti ane matombo ari pedyo nenyeredzi yavo, nepo mamwe aine hofori dzegasi kure nazvo. Mukuwedzera, inopa ruzivo pamusoro pekuumbwa kwemwedzi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekudenga mu orbit kumativi emapuraneti.
Sezvauri kuona, rudzi urwu rwedzidziso ndeimwe yeanonyanya kutsigirwa munyika yesainzi uye nekuda kwairi isu tinonzwisisa zviri nani kuumbwa kwemapuraneti. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve dzidziso yemapuraneti uye kukosha kwayo.