Kugona kuita fungidziro mumamiriro ekunze nekuziva mamiriro ekunze ari kuzoita, iyo mamiriro ekunze. Aya mamodheru anonyanya kuvakirwa pachirongwa chekomputa icho chinokwanisa kugadzirisa chinoenderana mamiriro emamiriro ekunze kana imwe nguva. Iyi nguva inogara ichiedzwa kuve mune ramangwana riri pedyo uye rakagadzirirwa kune zvimwe zvikamu zvepasi uye mamwe maitiro. Hatigone kuvimbisa kuti mamodheru emamiriro ekunze anogona kufanotaura zvine chokwadi chizere kuti mamiriro ekunze achange akaita sei mumazuva mashoma anotevera. Muchokwadi, kurongeka kwakaringana hakuvimbiswe mushure memazuva mana ekufanotaura.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvemamiriro ekunze uye mashandiro ainoita.
Mhando huru
Meteorological mamodheru anofanirwa kuongorora huwandu hwakawanda hwemamiriro ekunze. Misiyano ndeye iyo inokanganisa iyo yepasi chikamu chemhepo chatinoziva se troposphere. Pano ndipo panowanikwa zviitiko zvakakura zvemamiriro ekunze uye zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze. Misiyano ichadzidzwa ndeiyi inotevera: tembiricha, hunyoro, kusviba, mhepo, mwaranzi yezuva, kumanikidza kwemhepo, pakati pevamwe. Ese aya misiyano iri mukuenderera shanduko nekuda kwezvimwe zviitiko senge kutenderera uye kufamba kweshanduro yenyika pazuva.
Kana vachinge vaongorora zvinochinja, vanoshanda nesvomhu equations iyo yavanoyedza kufungidzira nayo nenzira chaiyo kupfuura imwe kuti mamiriro ekunze achaita sei mumaawa anotevera, mazuva, vhiki uye kunyange mwedzi nemakore. Aya mameteorological mamodheru ayo anoedza kufungidzira kukosha kwezvakasiyana kubva pamwedzi nemakore anonzi maemamiriro ekunze. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemusiyano uripo kunyanya pakati pemamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze. Uye ndiyo nzira iyo sainzi iyo inodzidza nguva. Ndokureva, iyo nguva yaachaita panguva yakatarwa. Nekudaro, yemamiriro ekunze ndiyo inoongorora shanduko yemitengo yezvinhu zvese zvemuchadenga zvatataura pamusoro apa nekufamba kwenguva.
Iyo seti yemitemo ndiyo inogadzira mamiriro enzvimbo enzvimbo. Kana isu tikapenengura mune yakatenderera ndege, modhi inogona kuve yepasi rose uye ichifukidza hunyoro hwese hwepasi kana padanho redunhu, mune ino kesi inongovhara chikamu chenyika
Kushanda kwemameteorological mamodheru
Iyo meteorological mamodheru ekuparadzira data ayo anowanikwa kuburikidza kwakasiyana masosi. Mazuva aya Ivo vanowanikwa kubva kuma radiosonde, emeteorological satellites uye mamiriro ekunze. Zvese izvi zvekucherechedza zvakagovaniswa zvisina kukwana uye zvinokwanisa kugadzirisa izvo zvakapihwa neyakafanana uye nzira dzekuongorora. Idzi nzira dzekuongorora dzinokwanisa kumisikidza akasiyana paramende zvichienderana nehunhu hweanosiyana-siyana emuchadenga. Yese tsika idzi dzinoshandiswa nemasvomhu algorithms ayo anoshandiswa mune aya mameteorological modhi.
Kutenda kune aya mamodheru, kuverenga kunogona kuitiswa nemamwe masvomhu equations umo data rakawanikwa rinoshandiswa uye rinowanikwa panguva ino. Kutenda kune idzi data, fungidziro dzinogona kuwanikwa pamitero panoshanduka hunhu hwemamiriro ekunze. Mitinhimira mukuchinja uku vanobvumidza kufanotaura mamiriro emhepo mumhepo mukati menguva pfupi yenguva mune ramangwana.
Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei mamodheru emamiriro ekunze akavakirwa pane iyi dhata achiva asingashande uye anotora sezvo yakawanda nguva inopfuura. Ndokunge, zvakanyanya mune ramangwana isu tichida kuyera uye kufungidzira mamiriro emuchadenga, zvishoma zvishoma tichava nemitemo.
Mhando dzakasiyana
Sezvo paine mhando dzakawanda dzemametororiyori mamodheru, pane mutsauko mukuru pakati pawo. Huwandu hukuru hwemamodeli hwakagadzirwa nemasangano akasiyana siyana nemasangano akazvipira kudzidza meteorology. Aya masangano mamwe chete ndiwo anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana kuitira kuti afungidzire shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Pakati peaya mamodheru isu tinonyanya kuzivikanwa seye Global Kufembera Sisitimu yeNational Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration yeUnited States (NOAA).
Kune mamwewo marudzi eemhando ayo asinganyanyo kuzivikanwa asi achiri kushandiswa pane izvi kufanotaura. Tine iyo ECMWF. Ndiyo yeEuropean Medium Term Forecast modhi, ndiyo fungidziro yemhando yakaburitswa nenzvimbo ino kune 23 nyika dzeEurope, kusanganisira Spain. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine chinangwa chakakosha kufembera kwemamiriro ekunze kunyangwe ichishandisa nzira dzakasiyana.
Imwe modhi inozivikanwa ndeiya yeAVN. Ndiyo yeAmerican modhi yeAviation. Kuenzanisira kwayo kusvika kanosvika maawa mashanu kuti ugone kufanotaura kuti ichave nguva ipi inogara nzira yekufamba nendege. Nenzira iyi, zvinovimbiswa kuti mutambo uchaitwa pasina kupindira.
Vanodzora mamiriro ekunze uye mamodheru emamiriro ekunze
Vanodzora mamiriro ekunze ndizvo zvinhu zvinokanganisa mamiriro ekunze. Sekuziva kwedu, kuwanda kwehunhu hweanosiyana-siyana emuchadenga nekufamba kwenguva ndiko kunosimbisa mamiriro ekunze enharaunda nepasirese. Naizvozvo, izvi zvinodzora mamiriro ekunze zvakakosha pakusimbisa mameteorological modhi.
Ngatimboonai zvakadzama kuti ndeapi mamiriro emamiriro ekunze ari kuongororwa mumametorological modhi:
- Kupisa: tembiricha ndeimwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzinokanganisa mamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze. Aya makoshesero anochinja-chinja nekuda kwehuwandu hwekurerekera kwemazuva ezuva ari pamusoro penyika.
- Humidity: Humidity ihwo uwandu hwemhute yemvura huripo mudenga. Iyo mwando inobvumira kukura kwemvura uye kutonhorera mamiriro.
- Mhepo: mhepo dzinofamba senge basa remhepo yekumanikidza. Injini yayo huru izuva rezuva rinowira pamusoro penyika.
- Kumanikidzwa kwemuchadenga: ndeimwe yeinjini huru dzekudonha pasi rose. Dzvinyiriro shanduko dzinoitika nekushandurwa muhuwandu hwezuva rezuva rinorova pasi pevhu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinongedzo zvine yakaderera mhepo yekumanikidza uye vamwe vane yakanyanya kumanikidzwa inosimbiswa. Panzvimbo dzakadzikira pane madutu uko kunonaya kwakanyanya kunoumba uye panzvimbo dzakakwirira pane tembiricha yakanaka uye mamiriro ekunze akanaka.
- Solar radiation: Huwandu hwechiedza chezuva chinobaya pamusoro penyika.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mameteorological modhi uye mashandiro avanoshanda.