Maererano nenyanzvi dzenyeredzi, kune makwara enzou ari pakati pe100.000 200.000 neXNUMX XNUMX muchadenga chinooneka. Nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzinoisawo mapoka enyeredzi mumapoka matatu akasiyana zvichienderana nechimiro chawo: elliptical, spiral, uye irregular. Iyi gadziriro yezvikamu yakagadzirwa naEdwin Hubble, nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga yekuAmerica, uye yakavakirwa chete pachitarisiko chinooneka uye chimiro chegwara renzou, kwete humwe hunhu hwakadai seyero yekuumbwa kwenyeredzi kana kuita kweiyo galactic nucleus. Pane rondedzero ye makwara enzou akanaka kwazvo yezvose.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza kuti ndeapi mapoka enyeredzi anoyevedza ari muchadenga, maitiro awo uye kukosha kwawo.
Hunhu hwemagalaxi akanaka kwazvo
Muenzaniso wakanaka wegwara renzou iGwara Renzou, iro rinonyanya kusiyanisa maoko aro anotenderera. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zera re Milky Way ine makore 13.200 bhiriyoni uye ine dhayamita ye100.000 light years. Iyo galaxy's disk haina kufuratira zvachose, asi kuti yakakanganiswa, sekuratidzira kwakawanda kwemifananidzo. Vazivi venyeredzi vanoti kushanduka uku kunoshamisa kunokonzerwa nemakwara enzou maviri akavakidzana: makore makuru nemadiki eMagellan. Pamusoro pedhisiki rayo, iyo Milky Way zvakare ine halo.
Maererano nekubvumirana kwesayenzi, zvinotendwa izvozvo chikamu che90% chehuremu hwegwara redu renzou chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasviba. Pasinei nekusaonekwa kwayo, kuvapo kwechinhu ichi chakaoma kunzwisisa kunogona kutsanangurwa kuburikidza nekuenzanisa kunofananidza izvo Milky Way yaizotaridzika kunze kwayo, senge halo yerima rakaitenderedza.
Iyo galactic halo inofungidzirwa kuti inodarika 15 kiloparsecs uye inoumbwa nemusanganiswa wakapfava weinterstellar gasi, nyeredzi dzakachembera uye zvinhu zvakasviba. Iri panzvimbo yemukati-kati meimwe yemapoka ezvimedu zvakaita denderedzwa inozivikanwa seOrion arm, Yedu solar system inowanikwa makore makumi maviri nenomwe echiedza kubva kuGalactic Center.
Munhau yose yevanhu, vanhu vakaedza kunzwisisa ukuru hwechisiko chapose pose, uhwo husingambozivikanwi nenzira yomuzvarirwo. Kunyangwe kufambira mberi kwedu kwakakosha mukunzwisisa cosmos, nezvizaruro zvitsva zviri kubuda zuva nezuva, tichine zvakawanda zvekudzidza nekuwana.
Kuti tiwane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwechimwe chezvinhu zvinokatyamadza zvikuru zviripo, tichatanga rwendo kuburikidza nechadenga, tichiyambuka mhiri kweMilky Way yedu uye kuongorora makwara enzou akavakidzana akaita seSombrero, Andromeda, neTadpole. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mumakore angangoita mabhiriyoni mana, yedu Milky Way uye Andromeda ichadhumhana, ichigadzira chinhu chitsva chinozivikanwa seLactomeda.
Makwara enzou akaisvonaka kupfuura ose ari muchadenga
Iyo mukaka nzira
Izwi rekuti Milky Way rinoreva gwara renzou rine gadziriro yedu yezuva uye mativi aro ose emuchadenga. Inoumbwa nehupamhi hwenyeredzi, mapuraneti uye mamwe masimba ekudenga, ayo akabatanidzwa pamwe chete nesimba regiravhiti. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Iyo Milky Way inosvika makore 13.600 bhiriyoni uye iri muLocal Group yemagalaxi., iyo inewo Andromeda nemamwe mapoka madiki akati wandei. Inofungidzirwa kuti ine dhayamita inosvika 100.000 100 chiedza chemakore uye ine nyeredzi dzinosvika mabhiriyoni XNUMX, zvichiita kuti ive rimwe remapoka enyeredzi anokosha zvikuru muchadenga.
Gora redu renyeredzi, iro rinotora nzvimbo yechipiri muhukuru mukati meLocal Group, rine huremu hunoenzana ne10 ^ ka12 kudarika zuva. Inotsanangurwa seyakavharidzirwa spiral galaxy, ine avhareji yeavhareji dhayamita ye makore angangoita 100.000 chiedza. Gwara renzou rine nyeredzi dziri pakati pe200.000 400.000 neXNUMX XNUMX mamiriyoni. Chinhambwe kubva kunyeredzi yedu, Zuva, kusvika pakati pegwara renyeredzi chinoyera makore anokwana kuita 25.766 light years.
Galaxy Hockey Stick
Iyo Hockey Stick galaxy, inozivikanwawo seNGC 4656, ndiyo inonyanya kutariswa yemufananidzo uyu wakatorwa neNASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Gwara renzou iri riri muboka renyeredzi reCanes Venatici, uye kunyangwe zita raro richirasisa nekuda kwemaonero mashoma echifananidzo ichi, chiri muchimiro chechimuti chakareba, chakamonyaniswa chinotambanudzira muchadenga chisati chakombamira kune rumwe rutivi. kunge cosmic hockey tsvimbo.
Iyi yakasarudzika chimiro inogona kuverengerwa kune iyo kudyidzana pakati peNGC 4656 nemagalaxi maviri akavakidzana, NGC 4631 uye NGC 4627, izvo zvakakonzera kushandurwa kwenyeredzi, gasi neguruva mugwara renzou kuva chimiro chinoshamisa uye chinoshamisa chatinoona nhasi. Zvinofadza kuona kuti kusangana uku kwemapoka enyeredzi kunogona kuchinja sei chitarisiko chawo zvoita kuti pave nezvimiro zvinoorora zvakadaro.
Hombe Magellanic Cloud
Iyo Large Magellanic Cloud, inozivikanwawo seLMC, iguru renyeredzi iro Icho chikamu cheLocal Group uye inowanikwa makore angangoita 163.000 light years kubva kuMilky Way yedu. Rinorongedzerwa segwara renzou risingaenzaniswi nekuda kwechimiro charo chakamonyaniswa uye kushaikwa kwepakati bulge. LMC imusha kune matunhu akawanda anogadzira nyeredzi, kusanganisira Tarantula Nebula, inova imwe yenzvimbo dzinoshanda-kugadzira nyeredzi muBoka rose reNzvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, LMC yakashanda senzvimbo yakakosha yekunongedza kune vanoongorora nyeredzi uye cosmologist mukuedza kwavo kuona mwero wekuwedzera kwechadenga.
The Large Magellanic Cloud igwara renyeredzi diki riri chikamu cheLocal Group yemagalaxi. Pasinei nokuti iri pachinhambwe chingangoita 160.000 light years kubva paNyika, ichiri kuonekwa neziso rakashama sechinhu chisina simba chiri kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere yepasi redu, pakati pemapoka enyeredzi eDorado neMensa. Gwara renzou rakatanga kuzivikanwa neveruzhinji nekuda kwemuongorori wechiPutukezi Ferdinand Magellan, uyo akatanga kuwana, nokudaro achikweretesa zita rake kuboka renyeredzi.
Galaxy NGC 4248
NGC 4248 igwara renyeredzi rinogona kuwanikwa muboka renyeredzi reCanes Venatici. NGC 4248, nyeredzi inotenderera, iri muboka renyeredzi reCanes Venatici uye. Inosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemashanu echiedza makore kubva pasi redu. Iyo NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Camera 3 yakatora mufananidzo unoratidza muunganidzwa unoshamisa wegasi rinopenya, guruva reObsidian uye nyeredzi dzinopenya: iyo inotenderera galaxy NGC 4248.
andromeda galaxy
The Andromeda galaxy, inozivikanwawo seM31, is spiral galaxy inowanikwa anenge mamiriyoni 2,5 chiedza makore kubva Panyika. Ndiro gwara renzou riri padyo neGwara renzou uye rinoonekwa neziso rakashama mudenga usiku. Iine dhayamita ingangoita 220.000 chiedza chemakore, ndiro gurusa renyeredzi muLocal Boka remakwara enzou, iro rinosanganisira Gwara renzou uye makwara enzou anosvika makumi mashanu nemana. Boka renyeredzi reAndromeda rinozivikanwawo kuva negomba dema muhombe pakati paro, rine huwandu hunofungidzirwa kuva hunosvika mamiriyoni 54 kupfuura ezuva.
Iri muboka renyeredzi reAndromeda, boka renyeredzi reAndromeda rinosvika mamiriyoni maviri nemazana mashanu nemakumi matatu nenomwe emakore chiedza kubva kuNyika. Kunyange zvazvo chinhambwe ichi chakakurisa zvisingaite, kuswedera kwakaita gwara renzou nepasi redu zvekuti ndicho chinhu chiri kure zvikuru chinoonekwa nemaziso chaiwo kubva paNyika. Uyezve, Ndiro gwara renzou riri pedyo nesu uye rinosanganisira nhamba yenyeredzi dzakafanana nereGwara renzou.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvemakwara enyeredzi anoyevedza ari muchadenga uye maitiro awo.