ari makore anoputika Dzinomuka semugumisiro wekuputika kwegomo rinoputika. Vanowanzo kuve nehunhu hwakasiyana nekuti vakaomesesa uye vane mukati mavo mudzidzi wemagasi ekupisa uye pyroclastic zvinhu zvehukuru hwakasiyana. Makore aya ane njodzi kumhepo, saka anowanzo kuve nemhedzisiro yehupfumi.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvemakore anoputika, magadzirirwo awo uye maitiro.
makore anoputika
Mukupera kwevhiki kwaApril 17 kusvika 18, 2010, gore rinoputika rakabata ngwariro yenyika. Mazuva mashoma apfuura, gomo reIceland reEyjafjallajökull rakaputika, richiburitsa gobvu remagasi anopisa uye zvinhu zvemasaizi akasiyana-siyana mumhepo yaienda kumabvazuva, ichisundwa nemhepo, ichivhara nzvimbo zhinji yemhepo yeEurope.
Kuputika kwegomo reIsland hakufanire kushamisa, sezvo nyika yeNordic iri mune imwe yenzvimbo dzinotyisa zvakanyanya paPasi. Kune makomo akati wandei munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeIceland, mazhinji acho ane nhoroondo refu yekuputika uye akakura kupfuura kuputika kweEyjafjallajökull. Nekuda kwekugumira kweakasiyana mazinga etropospheric, haikwanise kuburitsa zvinhu zviri pamusoro pe6 kusvika ku8 km urefu.
Kana iyo plume ikasvika kune stratosphere, mhepo ine simba inotonga ipapo ichaita kuti dota ripararire nekukasira pasirese, zvichikonzera kutonhora kwepasirese. Aya marudzi emamiriro ekunze anomalies akadzokororwa munhoroondo yese uye dzimwe nguva anokonzerwa nemakomo eIcelandic akadai saLaki kana Hekla.
Hunhu hwemakore anoputika
Makore anoputika anoratidza humwe hunhu hunoasiyanisa kubva kumakore akajairika. Kubuda kwechisimba kumusoro kwechinhu chinopisa kubva mugomo rinoputika pakarepo kwakagadzira boka guru rinopisa rakasimuka nekukurumidza.
Mukati, gomo racho rinobudisa magasi ane muchetura anogara pamwe chete nemhute yemvura uye yakawanda ye<em>pyroclasts, zviri zvimedu zvematombo anoputika akakura zvakasiyana-siyana—kubva kudota dukusa; nguva dzose isingasviki 2 mm muhupamhi, kusvika kumatombo makuru— Vanodhaya makore sematema chaiwo. Kupokana kunopesana nezvinhu zvinopisa zvakasiyana kunogadzira kupatsanurwa kwechaji, kazhinji zvichikonzera mheni mumakore emadota.
Sezvo gore rinowedzera kureba, mhepo dziripo dzinorifambisa nechemberi, dzichigadzira mbiru iyo, kana iri Eyjafjallajökull, inotambanudza zviuru zvemakiromita kumabvazuva kuenda mudenga pamusoro penyika zhinji yeEurope.
Sezvo zvinhu izvi zvichiri kuvharirwa mumhepo inobhururuka ndege, uye sezvo zvimedu zvinoputika zvinogona kuvakanganisa (kuvhara injini kupera uye kuita sejecha pamufananidzo wendege), zviremera, zvine chekuita nekufambiswa kwemhepo, zvakamanikidzwa kudzikamisa zvishoma nezvishoma. huwandu hwemhepo yadzinobhururuka. Nzvimbo yemahara, iyo yakakonzera kuvharwa kwenhandare yendege, yakasiya mamirioni evafambi pasi. Kunyangwe kunzwa kushoropodzwa kuti chiyero hachina kuenzana uye hachina basa, mukuona kwangu, tinofanira kurumbidza kukoshesa kwakapihwa kuchengetedzwa kwendege, pasinei nokusava nechokwadi kunobvira pamusoro petapuro iyo zvinhu zvegomo rinoputika zvingava nazvo pandege.
Sezvo zvinhu zvacho zvichiramba zvakaganhurirwa kumazinga emuchadenga umo ndege dzinobhururuka, zvichipihwa mukana wekuti zvimedu zvinoputika zvinogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakaipa pazviri (kuvhara gasi kubuda kweinjini uye kuita sejecha pamafafitera ekubhururuka), zviremera. mutoro wekufamba kwendege vakamanikidzwa kudzikamisa zvishoma nezvishoma nzvimbo dzemahara dzekubhururuka, zvichiita kuti nhandare dzendege dzivharwe zvakanyanya, zvichidzika mamiriyoni evafambi.
Aviation ngozi
Gore remadota egomo rinokonzera njodzi huru kune kuchengetedzwa kwekufamba kwemhepo, izvo zvinozokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi. Iyo inonzi volcanic ash cloud ine dota rinoputika, hupfu hwedombo, sulfur dioxide, mhute yemvura, chlorine nemamwe magasi; pamwe nekutsvaga zvinhu zvinokuvadza kundege, kunyanya munzvimbo ine kuputika kwemakomo, munzvimbo dzakakwirira kwazvo.
Makoramu egasi, madota nedombo zvakaburitswa mugomba anoita semakonzo emhute yemhute mumhepo, zvichigadzira makore emadota. Zvichienderana nesimba remhepo, makore aya anokurumidza kukanganisa nzvimbo huru dzemhepo dziri padivi pegomo rinoputika. Ngozi yavo haisi mukukuvara kwavanoita chete, asiwo mukuomerwa kwekuvanzvenga panguva yekubhururuka, nekuti ivo havasi nyore kusiyaniswa kubva kumakore akajairika.
Dota rinopinzwa neinjini pakubhururuka rine chikamu chepamusoro che silicates, iyo inonyunguduka patembiricha iri pasi petembiricha yeinjini, ichiisa pamashizha efani uye mukati meinjini, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwekukanda kana kumira kweinjini. Madota inogona kupera injini zvikamu, windshields uye inotungamira mipendero yemhepo, clog pitot tubes, uye kupinda mukati memhepo inogadzirisa masisitimu kana kukuvadza antenna.
Matambudziko aya anogona kuisa zvirambidzo zvakakura pakufamba kwendege, sezvo nzira dzichifanira kuchinjwa uye nhamba yendege dziripo ichifanira kuderedzwa. Ndege yakadonha yasangana nemadota yaida kugadziriswa uye kunyange kuchinjwa zvimwe zvikamu, zvichiita kuti zvisashande kwenguva pfupi.
Vanoonekwa sei?
Kuvapo kwemadota ekuputika kunoonekwa kuburikidza nemifananidzo yesatellite, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kutsvaga gore remadota uye kuona kuwedzera kwaro. Zvisinei, pasina ruzivo rwekuputika kwekuputika, zvakaoma kusiyanisa makore emadota kubva kune mamwe makore uchishandisa yakajairwa makore ekuona nzira. Pakaputika Eyjafjallajökull, gore remadota rakanga risingaonekwe zviri nyore pakufamba kwamazuva ose, sedutu rakadzika kumaodzanyemba kweIceland rine bazi rinodziya rinoenda kumberi kudivi rekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwechitsuwa chakapenya kupfuura gore nekuonekwa kwaro.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvemakore anoputika uye maitiro awo.