Rusununguko rwepeninsula yedu rwakatanhamara kuva ruyamuro rune gomo. The makomo eSpain Ivo vanozivikanwa nekuve nerunyoro runyoro uye rwakakamurwa kuva akasiyana marefu, mapani uye depressions. Nekuda kwerudzi urwu rwekuzorodzwa, kune endemic uye yakasarudzika mhando dzepeninsula yedu.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze pamusoro pemhando huru dzemakomo eSpain, kusunungurwa kwavo uye kukosha kwavo.
rubatsiro rweSpain
Nharaunda yeSpain inokwana 505.956 square kilometers uye inosanganisira yakawanda yeIberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, uye maguta eCeuta neMelilla kuNorth Africa.
Mamiriro enzvimbo anounzwa neSpain nhasi mhedzisiro yemamiriyoni emakore enhoroondo yejoloji, yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya nekunetsana kwemahwendefa eAfrica neEurasia. Kuwedzerwa kune izvi, endogenous maitiro akadai sekuputika kwemakomo uye exogenous maitiro anokonzerwa nekunze zvinhu zvakaita semvura nemhepo zvinogadzira akasiyana geological maumbirwo mukati medunhu.
Naizvozvo, Spain inopa hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana mune yepamusoro peninsular uye insular nharaunda nenzvimbo dzakanyura. Kuti tizive rudzi rweruyamuro rwuripo kuSpain, tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa maitiro anoigadzira. Kutanga, ngatitarisei mamiriro enzvimbo yepeninsula:
- Kureba: Avhareji yekukwirira ndeye 660 metres.
- Shape: Nekuda kwehupamhi hwemakiromita 1094 kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumadokero, yakawedzerwa kukuwedzera uye mutsara wemahombekombe, chimiro chayo chakakura kwazvo, chine quadrangular uye chinenge chakaenzana.
- Mountain System: Kunze kweSierra Ibérica neSierra Litoral Catalana, makomo anomhanya kubva kumabvazuva achienda kumadokero uye anoita chidziviriro chechisikigo kurwisa mhepo inonyorova kubva kuAtlantic Ocean.
- Kugoverwa kwemukati kwenyika: Nharaunda yeSpain yakarongeka kuita zvikamu zvepakati penzvimbo, iyo inomiririra 45% yenzvimbo yeSpain. Yakapoteredzwa nemipata, migero, uye makomo ari kunze.
Hunhu hweSpanish insular relief inogona kukamurwa kuita zvinotevera:
- Balearic Islands: Kuenzaniswa neCanary Islands, zororo rayo rine makomo zvishoma. Uye zvakare, zvitsuwa zveBalearic zvinoumba kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yeMakomo eBaetic muGungwa reMedithera, ndosaka vaine peninsular topography. Nekune rimwe divi, zvitsuwa zveCanary zvakazvimiririra zvakazara nekuda kwekwakabva kuputika kwemakomo nenzvimbo.
- Canary Islands: inoumbwa ne magma yakabviswa kubva muAfrica plate fault zone, uye magma yakasimbiswa kuita zvitsuwa. Muzvitsuwa izvi zveCanary, uko kuputika kwemakomo kuchiri kushanda, nzvimbo yacho ine kuputika kwemakomo uye tinowanzowana macalderas, makoni, calderas, badlands, canyons uye glaciers.
Iye zvino zvaunoziva maitiro akajairwa epeninsular uye insular reliefs, isu tiri kuenda kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekuyamura zvikamu muSpain.
makomo eSpain
central plateau
Ndiyo huru yenzvimbo yeSpain, bani rakakura rakayambuka nenzizi dzinozoyerera dzichipinda muAtlantic Ocean. Inofukidza pakati peIberian Peninsula, ichipfuura nenharaunda dzeCastilla-León, Castilla-La Mancha uye Extremadura. Zvakare, nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakakamurwa kuita matunhu maviri nepakati pemakomo system:
- North sub-plateau kana Duero depression: akayambuka nerwizi Duero.
- Sub-plateau kana kumaodzanyemba kuora mwoyo Tagus-Guadiana neLa Mancha: akayambuka nzizi dzeTagus neGuadiana.
hurongwa hwemakomo
Kune rumwe rutivi, kune mapoka matatu emakomo munharaunda yeSpain, ngationei kuti chii:
Makomo mukati mePlateau
Vaviri vavo, sekureva kunoita zita ravo, vari pakati penzvimbo iyi:
- Kuwedzera kuchamhembe ndiko Central Sistimu: yakaumbwa nemakomo eSomosierra, Guadarrama, Gredos neGata, Almanzor iri iyo yepamusoro-soro.
- Kumberi zvishoma kumaodzanyemba ndiko Makomo eToledo: gomo rezasi. Ikoko kune Sierra de Guadalupe neLas Villuercas, iyo yepamusoro-soro yemakomo.
Makomo akapoteredza bani
Makomo anoganhurana neCentral Plateau ndeaya:
- Makomo eLeón: Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, makomo ayo haana kukwirira zvakanyanya, uye Teleno Peak ndiyo yakakwirira kwazvo.
- Makomo eCantabrian: Kuchamhembe uye pamwe nemhenderekedzo yeCantabrian. Kune makomo akakwirira-akakwirira pano, neTorre de Cerredo iri iyo yepamusoro-soro.
- Iberian system: Kumabvazuva, inoparadzanisa Central Plateau kubva kuEbro Valley.Moncayo peak ndiyo yepamusoro-soro.
- Sierra Morena: Kumaodzanyemba, mudungwe wemakomo unoparadzanisa nzvimbo yakati sandara neGuadalquivir Valley. Makomo haana kunyanya kukwira, pano tinowana Sierra Madrona, neBañuela iri iyo yakakwirira zvikuru.
Midungwerungwe yemakomo eSpain kubva pabani
Mukati menzvimbo dziri kuresa dzepakati pebani tinowana midungwerungwe yemakomo inotevera:
- Galician Massif: Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero ivo vakaderera, asi Cabeza de Manzaneda ndiyo yepamusorosoro.
- Makomo eBasque: Kuchamhembe, pakati pePyrenees neCantabrian Mountains. Iyo Corey peak inoumba nzvimbo yakakwirira kwazvo.
- Pyrenees: Uyewo kuchamhembe, vanoumba muganhu wechisikigo pakati peSpain neFrance. Iwo makomo akakwirira-akakwirira, iyo yepamusoro-soro iri Aneto. Usapotsa rumwe ruzivo nezve maruva nemhuka dzePyrenees mune inotevera Green Ecology chinyorwa.
- Catalan Coastal System: Kumabvazuva kwebani racho, kune rudungwe rwemakomo rwakaenzanirana nemhenderekedzo yegungwa yeMediterranean. Montserrat neMontseny vanoumba nzvimbo dzakakwirira.
- Baetic systems: Iwo ari kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweMeseta uye anoumbwa nePenibética uye Subbética makomo.
kuora mwoyo
MuSpain tinowana nzvimbo mbiri dzakakura dziri kunze kwenzvimbo yepakati. Inzvimbo dzakati sandara, dzakaderera pakati pemakomo ane nzizi dzinopfuura nepakati pawo. Ngationei kuti ndezvipi:
- Ebro depression: bani rine mativi matatu kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSpain, pakati pePyrenees, Iberian Mountains nemhenderekedzo yeCatalan. Rwizi rweEbro runoyambuka.
- Guadalquivir Depression: Zvakare triangular muchimiro, iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweSpain, pakati peMorena neBética makomo. Inoyambuka nerwizi Guadalquivir.
Islands
Sezvatakambotaura, nzvimbo yeSpain inosanganisira zvitsuwa zviviri zvikuru, izvo chaizvoizvo zvitsuwa, kureva boka rezvitsuwa:
- Balearic Islands: Iyo ine zviwi zvishanu: Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera uye Cabrera. Ivo vari pamhenderekedzo yeMediterranean kumabvazuva kweSpain. Rusununguko rwezvitsuwa haruna makomo, nemakomo eTramuntana kuchamhembe kweMallorca uye iyo yepamusoro peak ndiyo Puig Major.
- Canary Islands: Kune zvitsuwa zvinomwe zvinoumba zvitsuwa, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, El Hierro uye chitsuwa cheLa Palma. Anowanikwawo pamusoro pegungwa reAtlantic kumadokero kweAfrica. Nzvimbo iri pano ine makomo ane makomo anoputika. Nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro, Teide, iri muTenerife uye ndiyo yakakwirira muSpain yese.
Kudzoka
Pakupedzisira, Spain ine gungwa rakafara rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu, zvinoti:
- Cantabrian cornice: mhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe, inotangira kumuganhu neFrance kusvika kumucheto kweEstaca de Bares. Imomo tinowana mawere akawanda.
- Mhenderekedzo yeMediterranean: Kubva kuStrait yeGibraltar kusvika kumuganhu weFrance, ndiyo yakareba mhenderekedzo yegungwa muSpain.
- Atlantic Coast: Kubva kumucheto kweEstaca de Bares kusvika kuStrait yeGibraltar. Yakakamurwa chaizvoizvo muzvikamu zvitatu: kubva kumucheto kweEstaca de Bares kusvika kuMiño estuary (kuchamhembe kwePortugal); kubva kumuganhu wezasi wePortugal kusvikira kuStrait of Gibraltar; uye mahombekombe eCanary Islands.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve makomo eSpain uye maitiro avo.