Tinotaura nezvemahombekombe erwizi euros tinoreva kumahombekombe kana kumucheto kwemvura. Inzvimbo yepasi padyo negungwa, gungwa, dziva, nzizi, hova, nezvimwe. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti inosanganiswa nenzvimbo yekuchinja pakati penzvimbo yemvura uye yakatarisana nenzvimbo yepasi. The mahombekombe enzizi Iwo hunhu hwekuve nezvinomera zvakasiyana uye basa rakakura mu ecosystem.
Nechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvemahombekombe enzizi, zvinomera zvawo uye kukosha kwazvinazvo.
Miti yeRwizi
Miti yerwizi rwuri kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nehunhu hwerwizi, kusimba uye kuwanda kwerwizi, nzira, erosivity uye kutakura kugona, uye saizi yezviyo sediment inoenderana nekuyerera kwayo.
Ruzivo rwakakwana rwemahombekombe erwizi rwizi runofanira kuenderana nehunhu hwenzvimbo yahunogara (horizontal structure), pamwe chete nemhando dzinoiumba uye saizi yadzo (vertical structure), pamwe nenzvimbo yadzo murwizi uye kushanduka kwavo kunotarisirwa nekufamba kwenguva.
Muchimiro chakatwasuka, sango remurwizi rinoratidza sangano rakaoma, rakaumbwa neanotevera strata mukukura kwayo kukuru:
- Tree layer- Kazhinji marudzi akawanda, asi anowanzo tongwa nemhando imwe chete mune yega yega.
- Tree stratum: Inoumbwa nemhute yemiti yepamusoro uye mamwe marefu emiti emiti anowedzerwa.
- Shrub stratum: Hunhu hukuru hwemakwenzi anoda zuva anobatana nemahombekombe enzizi anoita kuti danda iri rive rakakosha mukucheneruka uye kumucheto kwekunze kwemasango.
- Herbaceous layer: inowanzogadzirwa zvakanaka mukati mesango, yakaumbwa naAlbizia julibrissin, uye yakapfuma mukutanga phenological geological miti.
- Lianoid kugadzirwa: Nekuda kwekukura kwayo kunoshamisa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinodziya dzeSpain, inonyatso hunhu hwemasango erwizi.
- Epiphytic layer: kazhinji inogadzirwa chete ne mosses, liverworts uye lichens, inenge nguva dzose yakawanda uye yakasiyana-siyana.
Riverside inobatsira
Mabasa ezvakatipoteredza uye masevhisi anopihwa nemahombekombe erwizi ane akawanda:
- Ivo vanogadzirisa microclimate yerwizi: kuitika kwayo mhedzisiro yekutonga kwezvinomera zvemurwizi zvemamiriro ekunze ekunze ezvakatipoteredza uye kufurira kwepamusoro pemvura yerwizi.
- Vanobatsira kudzora chimiro uye simba renzizi: kuburikidza nekukwanisa kwayo kutsigira kuumbwa kwemiti.
- Idzo inzvimbo dzekugara dzakanakira nhamba yakakura yezvirimwa nemhuka: nekuda kwemamiriro akakosha eiyo microclimate uye kuwanikwa kwemvura, organic matter uye zvinovaka muviri.
- Dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzekusefa kudzivirira kupinda kwezvimedu uye zvinosvibisa murwizi: Ivo vanofarirwa nenzvimbo yavo munharaunda uye chimiro chekuyamura, hydrological uye biological maitiro ehunhu hwenzvimbo yerwizi.
- Ivo vanoshanda senzvimbo dzekuunganidza mvura, organic zvinhu uye sediments: kuyerera kuripo kwezvinhu uye simba zvine chekuita nekuyerera kwechinhu uye simba rinogadzirwa munzvimbo yakakodzera yemvura.
- Ivo vanoshanda senzvimbo dzekuzadzazve mitumbi yemvura yepasi: nekuti inzvimbo dzekuunganidza mvura, organic matter uye sediments.
- Vane kukosha kwenzvimbo yakakosha.
Izwi rekuti 'ribera' harifanirwe kuvhiringwa nerokuti 'rwizi', zvakafanana nerukova, runova rukova rwemvura rwechisikigo runowanzoyerera nguva dzose, asi iro, kusiyana nerwizi, harina kuyerera uye rinogona kutonyangarika mumwaka wakaoma.
Associated masango
Masango eRiparian inogara yakasvibira ecosystem inokura munzira dzemvura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nzvimbo idzi dzinochengetedza hunyoro hwevhu panguva dzakasiyana dzegore. Iwo anochinja-chinja ecosystem munzvimbo nenguva. Spatial shanduko inoratidzwa mukushandurwa kweiyo yakatwasuka, yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka chimiro chesango. Kuchinja kwenguva kunogona kuve kwakabatana nemwaka kana zviitiko zvisina tsarukano.
Ivo vanoumba hugaro hwehuwandu hukuru hwezvipenyu: zvinosanganisira mafomu ezvirimwa ane hukuru hwakasiyana hwemorphology, physiology uye kubereka kuchinjika, izvo zvinovatendera kurarama muvhu rakafashama. Inzvimbo dzekugara, nzvimbo dzekupotera uye mikoto yemhuka zhinji. Chii chimwe, Izvo zvakakosha kuchengetedza hutano hwezvakatipoteredza nekuti vanopindira mukutorwa kwekusvibisa chikafu kubva mumvura uye sediments. Nechikonzero ichi, iwo ecosystems anogona kushandiswa kusimudzira kucheneswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa.
Masango eRiparian anosanganisira nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzinobereka zvirimwa. Vanobudisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugara uye microclimates, uye vanotsigira nhamba yakawanda yezvipenyu. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanobatsira mukubatana pakati penzvimbo dziri kure uye kuita semakoridhi ezvisikwa anofambisa kupararira kwevanhu uye kuyerera kwemajini.
Kune rumwe rutivi, simba uye zvinhu zvinopiwa nemasango zvakakosha kuchengetedza mvura inovaka muviri network. Mashizha, mapazi, uye matanda zvinowira munzizi nehova zvichabatwa nemiti nematombo zvakawa. Vanopa chikafu uye pekugara kune hove diki, crustaceans, amphibians, zvipembenene, nezvimwewo, uye vanogadzira hwaro hwewebhu yekudya yezvipenyu zvemumvura.
Riparian Forest mabasa
Masango eRiparian anoita basa rakakosha mukudzora microclimate yenzizi nehova nekudzora kupisa kwakanyanya. Mumamiriro okunze anopisa zvikuru kana mwaka, masango anoparadzanisa mwaranzi yezuva, tembiricha yakaderera yemvura, uye nokudaro inoderedza kubuda. Ukuwo, munzvimbo dzinotonhora kana mwaka, masango anochengeta kupisa kubva muvhu nemiviri yemvura, zvichiita kuti mvura irambe iri patembiricha yepamusoro.
Masango emuRiparian akakosha zvakanyanya maererano nekucheneswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedza kunaka kwemvura yenzizi. Vanobvisa sediment kubva mumvura vozviparadzanisa, kusefa kana kushandura chikafu nezvimwe zvinosvibisa.
Aya ecosystems anobvisa yakawandisa nitrates kubva mumitumbi yemvura, mazhinji acho anobva kumaitiro ekurima asina kugadzikana. Maitiro anobatanidzwa muchikamu ichi chenitrogen kutenderera ndeye denitrification uye nitrate kutora nezvirimwa.
Denitrification ndiko kushandurwa kwe biochemical ye nitrate kuita nitrogen muchimiro che molecular nitrogen kana nitrogen oxides. Naizvozvo, Nitrogen yakanyungudutswa mumvura inotorwa uye inoburitswa mumhepo.
Ukuwo, nitrate inotorwa nezvirimwa inogona kubva muvhu kana mumvura. Vanoibatanidza mumatishu avo uye voishandura kuita biomass yezvirimwa. Nenzira iyi, nitrogen inoparadzaniswa kubva kune tsika yepakati uye inochengetwa kwenguva yakareba. Nzira mbiri idzi dzinoderedza huwandu hwenitrogen inowanikwa mumvura.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvemahombekombe enzizi uye maitiro avo.