Vanhu vagara vakafadzwa nemheni. Iyo ine simba rechisikigo electrostatic kubuda. Inowanzoitika mukati memhepo dzemagetsi dzinogadzira magetsi emagetsi. Kubuda kwemheni uku kunofambidzana nekubuda kwemheni inonzi mheni uye kurira kunonzi kutinhira. Zvisinei, vanhu vazhinji havazivi maRays anogadzirwa sei.
Naizvozvo, isu tiri kuzotsaurira ichi chinyorwa kukuudza iwe kuti mwaranzi inogadzirwa sei uye ndeapi marudzi akasiyana egore.
Mhando huru
Kubuda kwemheni kunoperekedzwa nekubuda kwechiedza. Kubuda kwechiedza uku kunonzi mheni uye kunokonzerwa nekufamba kwemagetsi emagetsi ayo anoita kuti mamorekuru mumhepo. Pakarepo mushure, kurira kunonzi Kutinhira kunotamba, kwakagadziriswa nemafungu ekuvhunduka. Magetsi anogadzirwa anopfuura nemuchadenga, inopisa mhepo, inoita kuti mhepo ikure nekukurumidza, uye inogadzira ruzha rwechienzi kubva pasi. Iwo maranzi ari mune yeplasma mamiriro.
Ivhareji kureba kweradhi ingangoita 1.500-500 metres. Sezvineiwo, muna 2007, mheni yakarebesa mheni yakanyorwa yakaitika muOklahoma, ichisvika kureba kwemakiromita mazana maviri negumi nemapfumbamwe. Mheni inowanzo famba paavhareji kumhanya ingangoita makiromita mazana mana nemakumi mana pasekondi, inosvika chiuru nemazana mana emakiromita pasekondi. Musiyano ungangoita mamirioni angu volts anehukama nevhu. Naizvozvo, mwaranzi iyi ine njodzi huru. Anenge mamirioni gumi nematanhatu emheni dzemheni dzinorekodhwa pasirese gore rega.
Chinhu chakasarudzika ndechekuti pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzemwaranzi, idzi dzinogadzirwa nezvakanaka zvikamu muvhu uye zvisizvo zvisina kunaka mumakore. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekumira kwehunyambiri hwemakore anonzi cumulonimbus. Kana iro cumulonimbus gore rasvika kune tropopause (nzvimbo yekupedzisira yetroposphere), mhosva dzakanaka dziri mugore ndidzo dzinokwezva mhosva dzisina kunaka. Iko kufamba kwemagetsi emagetsi mudenga kunogadzira mwaranzi. Iyo inowanzo kuumba kumashure nekudzoka mhedzisiro. Inoreva maonero ekuti zvidimbu zvinobva zvasimuka nekudzoka zvichikonzera mwenje kudonha.
Mheni inogona kuburitsa miriyoni imwe yemawati emagetsi epakarepo, ayo akafanana nekuputika kwenyukireya. Kuranga kuri pamusoro pekudzidza mheni uye zvese zvine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze kunonzi pasi sainzi.
MaRays akaumbwa sei
Mavambo emagetsi akatanga sei inoramba iri nyaya ine nharo. Masayendisiti haasati akwanisa kuona kuti chii chinokonzera chikonzero. Vakakurumbira ndevaya vanoti kukanganiswa kwemuchadenga ndicho chikonzero chekutanga kwemhando dzemheni. Kuvhiringidzika uku kuri mudenga kunokonzerwa neshanduko mumhepo, hunyoro uye kumanikidza kwemhepo. Zvakare simba remhepo yezuva uye kuunganidzwa kwechaji yezuva inodzokororwa inokurukurwa.
Ice inotorwa sechinhu chakakosha mukusimudzira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iro rine basa rekusimudzira kupatsanurwa kwezvakanaka nezvakashata mhosva mune iro cumulonimbus gore. Mheni inogona zvakare kugadzirwa mumadota makore kubva pakuputika kwemakomo, kana inogona kunge iri mhedzisiro yeguruva kubva kumoto wesango une chisimba uyo unogona kuburitsa mirawo yakasimba.
Mune iyo electrostatic induction fungidziro, iyo yemagetsi mhosva inofungidzirwa kuti inotungamirwa neyakaitwa iyo vanhu vasati vava nechokwadi nezvayo. Kupatsanurwa kwemitero kunoda kukwira kumusoro kwemhepo kuyerera, inova nebasa rekutakura madonhwe emvura kumusoro. Nenzira iyi, kana madonhwe emvura asvika pakakwirira pakakwirira panotonhora mhepo, kutonhora kwakakurumidza kunoitika. Kazhinji aya mazinga anodhirowewa patembiricha ye -10 uye -20 madhigirii. Kudhumhana kwemakristani echando kunoumba musanganiswa wemvura nechando, unonzi chimvuramabwe. Kubonderesa kwakakonzera kubhadhariswa kushoma kune macristal echando uye chibharo chisina kunaka kuchimvuramabwe.
Iyo yazvino inosundira iwo akareruka echando makristasi kumusoro uye inokonzeresa yakanaka mhosva yekuvaka kumashure seri kwegore. Chekupedzisira, simba rekudzikisira kwePasi rinokonzera chimvuramabwe kuwira nechakaipa mhosva, nekuti chimvuramabwe rinorema sezvo rinosvika padyo nepakati nepasi pegore. Kupatsanurwa uye kuunganidzwa kwemutero kunoenderera kusvikira izvo mukana zvaringana kutanga kuburitswa.
Imwe fungidziro nezve nzira yekuparadzanisa ine zvikamu zviviri. Ngatione zvavari:
- Anodonha echando uye madonhwe emvura anozoita polarized kana anowira mupasi remagetsi magetsi.
- Iwo anodonha echando zvidimbu zvinosangana uye zvinopomerwa ne electrostatic induction.
MaRays akaumbwa sei uye nemhando dzakasiyana
- Mheni yakajairika. ndiyo inonyanya kucherechedzwa, inozivikanwa seye streak mheni. Ichi chikamu chinoonekwa che ray ray. Zvizhinji zvacho zvinoitika mugore uye nekudaro hazvioneke. Ngatione kuti ndedzipi huru mhando dzemwaranzi:
- Cloud-to-pasi mheni: ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye yechipiri yakajairika. Iyo ndiyo tyisidziro hurusa kuupenyu nepfuma. Inogona kurova pasi uye kubuda pakati pegumumugonimbus gore nepasi.
- Pearl Ray: iri igore-kune-pasi mheni inoita kunge yakakamurwa kuita nhevedzano yezvikamu zvipfupi, zvinopenya.
- Staccato mheni: ndeimwe yenguva pfupi-yegore-kune-pasi mheni bhaudhi uye inoita kunge ndiyo yega kupenya. Inowanzo kupenya kwazvo uye ine simba rakakura.
- Forked danda: ndiwo iwo maranzi kubva pagore kusvika pasi anoratidza iwo matavi enzira yavo.
- Cloud pasi mheni: zvinoyerera pakati penyika negore zvinotanga nekurohwa kwekutanga kumusoro. Zvinowanzoitika zvisingaite.
- Gore kudzikisira mheni: inoitika pakati penzvimbo dzisiri kusangana nepasi. Zvinowanzoitika kana makore maviri akapatsanuka achigadzira musiyano mune kugona kwemagetsi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti maranzi akaumbwa sei, hunhu hwavo uye nemhando dzakasiyana dziripo.