Mune mamwe matunhu epasi redu, tinogona kuona mhando yemamiriro ekunze pamusoro ayo akafukidzwa nevhu rakafukidzwa nemhepo. Izvi zvinonzi loess dura. Kuti rudzi urwu rwe topografia rwuumbike, pamwe, nguva dzezviuru zvemakore dzaifanira kupfuura, mune inoenderera guruva madutu akaisa chinhu ichi.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kuratidza kukosha kwetangi reLoess uye nehunhu hwayo.
Loess dura uye kuumbwa kwaro
Sezvatambotaura, zvinotora nguva yezviuru zvemakore kuti mhepo igadzire mari idzi zvishoma nezvishoma. Mune mamwe mativi epasi tinowana rudzi urwu rwekudzidziswa uye zvinoshamisa. Kana dziva reLoess rikayambuka nerukova kana kutemwa kuita migwagwa, inowanzo chengetedza chimiro chakamira. Apa ndipo pausina materu anooneka sezvazviri.
Kugovera kweiyo Loess dhipoziti kunoratidza kuti kune akati wandei makuru manyowani ezvinyoro zvekuumbwa uku: yekutanga madhipatimendi emarenje anounganidzwa nesimba remhepo, uye chechipiri mafashama emvura echando. Aya maviri manyuko ekudzidzisa ane mutoro weLoess.
Iyo yakatetepa uye yakafararira Loess inoisa pasi pano ndeaya atinogona kuona kumadokero nekuchamhembe kweChina. Aya madhipatimendi akaumbwa nekutakurwa nemhepo kubva kunzvimbo dzakakura dzemarenje eCentral Asia. Mimwe yemafomati aya kuwanda kwemamita makumi matatu uye chinhu chakajairika kuona. Muukobvu, avhareji akagadzwa pakureba kwemamita zana. Iyi sediment inoungana uye, semuenzaniso, ndizvo zvinopa ruvara kune rwizi rwizi.
Kune rimwe divi, muUnited States, Loess deposits akakosha zvakanyanya munzvimbo zhinji uko kutakura sediment kuripo pamusoro penzvimbo refu. Semuenzaniso, muSouth Dakota, Nebraska, Missouri neIllinois, inzvimbo dzatinogona kuwana zvivakwa izvi. Ivo vanogona zvakare kuonekwa kune mamwe eColumbia Plains kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwePacific.
Kutanga
Pane kuwirirana pakati pekugoverwa kweLoess nenzvimbo huru dzekurima dzeMidwest nedunhu reWashington. Izvi hazvisi masanga zvachose, asi zvine zvakawanda zvekuita nazvo. Imhaka yekuti ivhu rakatorwa pane ino sediment iyo inoiswa nemhepo ndeimwe yeyakaorera kwazvo pasirese. Kutenda kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu, izvo zvinovaka muviri zvinovaka Inova nzvimbo yakaorera kwazvo yekurima.
Kusiyana nezvinoitika nezvakachengetwa neChina, zvakatangira mugwenga, izvo zveUnited States neEurope zvigadzirwa zvisina kunangana zveiyo glaciation. Kutonhora uye kunyungudika kwezviuru zvemakore zvakawanda, zvinopa kumisikidza nekuiswa kwenzvimbo dzinowedzera kubereka kwevhu. Kune rimwe divi, iwo madhipatimendi akaumbwa nematombo ejecha haana kubereka zvachose. Ivo vanongopa kukwidziridzwa kune zvivakwa zvine yakanaka nharaunda asi ine mashoma kubereka.
Kwakatangira mari yeLoess muUnited States neEurope kwakatemerwa marara echando. Kana matombo echando akatanga kudzoka nekuda kwekukwira kwetembiricha, mipata mizhinji yerwizi yakavharwa nenzvimbo dzinoiswa kuburikidza nekunyungudika kwemvura yechando. Muchiitiko ichi, mumiririri anotakura sediment haisi mhepo, asi iyo inonyungudika. Mhepo iyi inewo chiito chayo, kubva ichivhuvhuta yakananga kumadokero, yakatsvaira ikatakura masese mazhinji aive mumapani emafashama.
Iyo sediment yakatakurwa kubva kune akanakisa kuenda kune akanyanya. Mukufamba kwavo, vadonha segumbeze kumatanho ekumabvazuva kwemipata. Kwakatangira mafomati aya kunogona kusimbiswa nenyaya yekuti Loess deposits anonyanya kuzivikanwa munzvimbo dzine leeward uko kunowanikwa nzvimbo huru dzemvura yechando. Semuyenzaniso, inonyanya kukosheswa munzvimbo dzenzizi dzeMississippi neIllinois uye dzinova nhete sezvo chinhambwe kubva kumupata chiri kuramba chichiwedzera.
Humwe humbowo hweiyi mavambo iiyo angular tsanga dzinogona kuoneka dzakaputika uye izvo zvinoumba Loess. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvakafanana neizvo zvatinogona kuwana muvhu redombo iro rakagadzirwa mukukuya kwemazaya echando.
Hunhu hwepanyama hweLoess tank
Aya madhipatimendi anoumba 10% yevhu rese repasi. Izwi rekuti Loess rinoreva kuti ivhu rakasununguka uye rakaumbwa ne50% silt uye imwe 50% yevhu. Sezvo madaro kubva kune chinyuko sosi inowedzera, huwandu hwezviyo zvakaiswa zvinoderera uye, nekudaro, madhiri anodzikira mukukora nehurefu.
Masosi anogona kuve enzvimbo kana kure. Nekudaro kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeLoess. Semuenzaniso, lime kana carbonate zvimwe zvezvinhu zvehunhu zvatinowana muLoess. Mhando uye huwandu hwecarbonate hwatinahwo zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwacho isati yatanga uye mushure mekuiswa kwevhu uye nemvura inovaomesa.
Kuve wakasununguka, uriri hauna kusimba zvakanyanya. Iwo akasimba kana akaoma, asi anogona kuramba achipunzika nyore kana anyikwa mumvura. Ivhu rinogona kuita pakati pegumi negumi neshanu% yemvura ine porosity inosiyana pakati pe10 ne15%. Aya misiyano inoshanduka zvichienderana neuwandu hwevhu kana jecha ratinaro.
Sezvatakambotaura, iwo anonyanya kudiwa madipoziti ekurima zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoita kuti kurima mashandiro kuve nyore uye kunovimbisa yakakwana aeration kuitira kuti ivhu riine zvivakwa uye midzi yezvirimwa ikure mune yakanaka mamiriro.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo Loess dhipoziti.