Mangani marita emvura paskweya mita akaenzana nesinou inoiswa pasi panguva yakatarwa, ichigadzira hunhu hwegumbeze jena? Zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti centimita yega yega yekudonha kwechando itsva yakaenzana nerita imwe yemvura yemvura paskweya mita yakaunganidzwa mugeji rekunaya kwemvura, asi kazhinji kuenzana uku kufungidzira kwechokwadi, kungave nekuda kwekuwanda kana kusakwana. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvingapindira, pakati pavo rudzi rwemazaya echando, the chando density zvakanyanya kusiiwa nekudonha kwechando, uye metamorphosis inowanikwa nekavha yechando.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve density yechando uye kuti inobata sei vanhu.
chando density
Isu tese takaona kuti kudonha kwechando kwega kwega kwakasiyana sei uye kune zvayakaita. Dzimwe nguva kana mamiriro acho achitonhora uye akaoma, uye kana kuine sinou, mazaya echando madiki uye akatsikirira (snow tsanga dzinombodonha) uye kashoma kuita chifukidziro chikuru chechando. Mamiriro ezvinhu anoshanduka kana hunyoro hwemhepo yakafukidzwa nesinou yakanyorova zvakanyanya, apo pano neapo hombe, fluffy flake (inowanzozivikanwa se "rag") inoumbwa. Aya mazaya echando anogona, dzimwe nguva, kuunganidza ukobvu hwakati wandei mumaawa mashoma. Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, chando chechando chinosiyana zvakanyanya.
Tichifunga nezvekuti porosity yechifukidzo chechando inopesana nehupamhi hwayo, zvichienderana nekunaya kwechando kunoitika, zvishoma kana zvishoma masendimita mashoma echando achabudiswa, asi izvi hazvirevi chete nekuda kwenhamba yezviputi zvinogara uye. kuunganidza, asi hunhu uhwu hunosarudza saizi yechando density. Kuwanda kwakadai kunogona kusiyana kubva pa20 kg/m3 kana kuchitonhora zvakanyanya sinou, pakati pe80 ne100 kg/m3 kana paine sinou yakajairika (inonyanyozivikanwa). Kusvikira 180 kg/m3 mumamiriro ekutonhora.
Kana tikachengeta nhamba dziri kumusoro uye tikapfura nzira yepakati, avhareji yeyakaderera yechando density value (20 kg/m3) uye yepamusoro-soro density value yechando (180 kg/m3) i110 kg/m3. m3, tinogona kuwana vanenge 100.
Kurangarira kuti density yemvura yemvura ndeye ye1.000 kg/m3, kana density reshiyo ye10 kusvika 1 yatangwa., tinosvika pakuenzana kwatakataura pakutanga: 1 cm yechando chitsva = 1 mm yemvura. Neruzivo rushoma, tinogona kuvandudza fungidziro.
chando chegumbeze
Kune rimwe divi, arithmetic zvinoreva kuti isu kutora pakati maviri akanyanyisa densities echando itsva inofanira kuva kuremerwa zvinoreva, apo, zvichibva pahuwandu hwemhando yechando inogadzirwa, tichaziva kuti chikamu chii. Pamhando yega yega, ndeapi mafambisirwo ekupararira kwechando chakanyanya, chakajairika, uye chakanyorova zvikuru? Imwe nguva yapfuura, vakaita ongororo yakadzama yenjodzi yechando muUnited States. Vakasvika pakuenzana kutsva kuri pedyo nehuchokwadi hwe data, uye ndizvozvo avhareji density yechando chitsva yakadzikira zvishoma, saka mirimita imwe yemvura inonaya yakaenzana nemasendimita 1,3 echando.
Haisi nzira yakaipa, asi haigumiri ipapo, sezvo inoshanda chete pachando chitsva. Kamwe chando chamira kudonha, jasi rinopinda nekukurumidza shanduko, iyo inoshandura mukuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mukuwanda kwechando chakaiswa, zvese nekuda kwekuumbwa nehuremu hwayo uye nekuda kweiyo ichangoburwa morphological shanduko. Sinou, kubva kumusoro. Kuwanda kwechando kunowedzera nekufamba kwenguva, saka dai taifungidzira mvura yakaenzana nechando nekuyera ukobvu hwechando akaiswa kwemaawa kana mazuva, zviyero izvi hazvizove 10:1 kana 13:1. Inogona kungonzi inoshanda kune chando chitsva (seyekutanga fungidziro).
kuti chando chakadii chinorema
Kana kunaya, maturu haafanire kutsigira mvura yese inokwira nekudonha, sezvo mvura ichienda kumasuweji. Sinou inoungana, zvisinei, saka chimiro chinofanira kutsigira huremu husingaverengeki. Hapana zvidimbu zviviri zvakafanana. Mamwe makuru pane mamwe. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe anorema kupfuura mamwe zvichienderana nekupisa uye hunyoro hwemamiriro emvura.
Nokudaro, huremu hunongozivikanwa chete nekufungidzira kunobva pakuedza. Nenzira iyi, iyo yekutanga mirau yekuvaka inoratidza kuti inosiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro echando: 120 kg/m3 yechando chitsva, 200 kg/m3 yechando chakapwanyika kana kunyorova., uye 400 kg/m3 yechando chakasanganiswa nechimvuramabwe.
Density yechando uye huremu hunotsigirwa nemateru
Mabharukoni nemapatio anowanzo kuvakwa aine mitoro yakasiyana mupfungwa, kusanganisira sinou, saka kuvakwa kwechando hakufanire kuve dambudziko. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvivakwa zvisina kusimba zvinogona kunetsa. Sinou yakawandisa iyo chivakwa chinofanira kutsigira panzvimbo yakachinjika yakavhurika kune mamiriro ekunze zvinoenderana nekukwirira kunowanikwa vanhu.
Mupfungwa iyi, hushoma hwaunofanira kutakura nzvimbo ine 40 kg/m2 iri kubva pa0 kusvika 200 metres ekukwirira nekuti yaigona chando pagungwa., zvakaoma sezvazvingaratidzika. Kubva 201 kusvika 400 metres, chando mutoro unofanira kuva kanenge 50 kg/m2, uye kubva 401 kusvika 600, 60 kg/m2. Kubva pano, wedzera ne20 kg/m2 pamamita 200 ega ega pamusoro pegungwa.
Kubva pamamita 1.200 kureba, kuremerwa kuchave kureba kwakakamurwa negumi. Saka, semuenzaniso, imba yakavakwa pakakwirira mamita 3.000 inofanira kutsigira uremu hwe300 kg/m2.
Kune matenga akatsetseka kuverengera kwakafanana kunoshanda. Kune matenga ane kutsetseka kweanopfuura 60 madhigirii, chando chinotakura pamusoro paziro, sezvo chando ichifungidzirwa kuva chinotsvedza. Pamateru akadzika, uremu hunofanirwa kutsigirwa ndehwo hunoenderana nehurefu hweguta Chigadzirwa chemutoro uye cosine yekona yedenga.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve density yechando uye kuti inobata sei huwandu hwevanhu.