Earth mass

Nyika yedu yakaongororwa uye yakaongororwa nemasayendisiti kubva kare. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushamisa pamusoro penyika ndeye nyika yakawanda. Sezvo chiri chimwe chinhu chisingagoni kuyerwa zvakananga, nzira dzakasiyana dzechiyero chisina kunanga dzinodiwa.

Nechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvehukuru hwepasi, kuti vakakwanisa sei kuzviverenga uye kuti ndezvipi hunhu hwainahwo.

Planet Earth nehunhu hwayo

Ndiyo nyika yechitatu yesolar system, kutanga kubva kuzuva, pakati peVenus neMars. Maererano neruzivo rwedu rwazvino, ndiro chete mugadziriro yose yezuva rinotakura upenyu. Zita rayo rinobva kune rechiLatin Terra, mwari wechiRoma, yekare yechiGiriki yakaenzana neGaia, ine chekuita nekubereka uye kubereka. Anowanzonzi Tellus mater kana kuti Terra mater (Amai Pasi) nokuti zvinhu zvipenyu zvose zvinobva mudumbu rake.

Kubva makarekare, vanhu vaishuvira kuwana miganhu yepasi uye kuongorora makona ese epasi. Tsika dzekare dzaidavira kuti yakanga isingagumi, kana kuti yaigona kuguma yawira mugomba rakadzika-dzika. Kunyange nhasi, kune vanhu vanoomerera pakuti pasi rakati sandara, kuti harina mhango uye dzimwe dzidziso dzokurangana.

Zvisinei, Nekuda kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, tava nemifananidzo yakanaka yepasi redu. Isu tinoziva zvakare magadzirirwo aro emukati uye kuti chii chaivepo vanhu vasati vaonekwa pamusoro payo.

Kubva uye kuumbwa

Nyika yakaumbwa makore 4550 bhiriyoni apfuura. kubva kune izvo zvinoumba iyo yakasara yesolar system, pakutanga segore renyeredzi regasi uye cosmic guruva. Nyika yakatora makore miriyoni gumi kusvika makumi maviri kuti iumbe, iine makore egasi aisimuka akaitenderedza apo pamusoro payo payaitonhorera nekuumba mhepo yanhasi.

Pakupedzisira, kuburikidza nekuita kwenguva yakareba seismic chiitiko, pamwe nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwesimba remeteor, Pasi rine zvinhu zvinodiwa uye mamiriro emuviri anodiwa pakuonekwa kwemvura yemvura.

Nekuda kweizvi, iyo hydrological cycle inogona kutanga, ichibatsira pasi kuti itonhore nekukurumidza kusvika pamwero wekuti hupenyu hutange. Nokufamba kwenguva, kuwanda kwemvura iri pamusoro pemvura inoita kuti pasi redu riratidzike sebhuruu kana richionekwa kubva muchadenga.

Earth mass

Pasi ipuraneti yechishanu pakukura kwezuva uye ndiyo yega inokwanisa kutsigira hupenyu. Yakaita denderedzwa ine mapango akati sandara zvishoma uye dhayamita inosvika 12.756 km pa equatorial altitude (6.378,1 km radius kuequator). Ita huremu hwe5,9736 x 10²⁴ kg uye density ye5,515 g/cm3, chepamusoro-soro mugadziriro yezuva. Iyo ine zvakare yekukwevera kukwidziridzwa kwe9,780327 m/s2.

Kufanana nemamwe mapuraneti emukati seMars neMercury, Nyika ipuraneti ine matombo ine nzvimbo yakasimba uye mvura yesimbi core (nekuda kwekupisa uye kudzvanywa kwesimba rayo rinokwevera pasi), kusiyana nemamwe mapuraneti ane gasi seVenus kana Jupiter. Nzvimbo yaro yakakamurwa kuita gaseous atmosphere, liquid hydrosphere uye solid geosphere.

Huremu hwePasi hwakaverengwa sei?

Sezviri pachena, izvi hazviitwe nekuisa pasi pachiyero. Kanenge kwete pamwero chaiwo. Chiyero chechadenga chakashandiswa chikero cheCavendish. Ndiro raive zita rekupedzisira remusayendisiti akatanga kuyera nemazvo uwandu hwePasi.

Akazviita muna 1798, uye makore 113 gare gare, Isaac Newton mukuru (1643-1727) akaumba Law of Universal Gravitation (LGU) yake muna 1685. Makore 189 gare gare, Galileo mukuru akanongedzera teresikopu yake mudenga. Akazviita muna 1609. Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti Henry Cavendish (1731-1810) akaziva kuzara kwepasi redu asina kana kusiya imba yake.

Kutaura zvazviri, haana kumboigadzira kubva musango. East Cavendish aive murume akapfava, akasuwa uye akapusa, asi ari mukuru. Muchirevo, inotanga neNewton's LGU, iyo inotiudza kuti "chero miviri miviri, inofungidzirwa kuti inzvimbo yakawanda, inokwezvwa kune imwe neimwe nesimba rinoenderana nemhomho yaro inowedzerwa nekusingaperi kwehukoshi husingazivikanwi, inozivikanwa nhasi sesimba regiravhiti. . Kugara uku kunopesana nepakati penzvimbo yeNewtonian iri pakati pawo."

Sekutonga kwakawanda, akashandisa setup yakagadzirwa muchikamu neshamwari yake John Michell. Akangwara mufundisi uye anonzwisisa geologist, akafa asati aita ongororo yekuona kuwanda kwePasi. Kubva pane geological point yekuona, iyi ndiyo inonyanya kufadza kurongeka kwehukuru.  Cavendish ndipo paakatenga midziyo yake ndokuiisa mune imwe imba yake yekuLondon.

Zvikero uye zvinoramba zviripo

Chigadzirwa chacho chine mabhora maviri ekutungamirira, 30 masendimita muhupamhi, yakaturikwa kubva kune simbi furemu, uye maviri mabhora madiki masendimita mashanu mudhayamita, yakaturikwa pedyo nebhora rekutanga uye yakabatanidzwa kune imwe neimwe netambo dzemhangura dzakatsetseka.

Zvikurukuru, zvikero zvekudhonzwa zvakagadzirirwa kuyera kumonyoroka kwekufamba kwakagadzirwa muwaya nekukweva kwesimba rinokwevera pamapulley anoita kuti asayangarara kana mabhora mahombe achifamba pamusoro pemabhora madiki.

Dambudziko nderekuti simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi idiki zvekuti chero chinhu chisingatarisirwe chinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro. Ndokusaka Cavendish ichimhanyisa kure. Kuti kuva pedyo kwevatsvakurudzi kusakanganisa kugadziriswa kwemidziyo, akashandisa teresikopu yaakaisa kunze kwekamuri. Akarishandisa kuverenga chikero chaicho, chaivhenekerwa nekamwe kachiedza kaibuda kunze kwekamuri.

Isu tiri kutaura nezve sensitivity yekurongeka kwe0,025cm, iyo isina kushata zvachose. Kuedza kwakajeka kwazvo. Sezvaitarisirwa, bhora diki rakatanga kutenderera, richikwezvwa nebhora hombe. Mushure memamwe maverengero, Cavendish akakwanisa kuwana kukosha kweiyo simba regiravhiti rinogara riri kubva kuhuwandu hwavo uye oscillations. Iri ndiro danho rekutanga, rinoteverwa nekuona avhareji yehuwandu hwePasi uyezve kuona huremu hwePasi, kuverenga giravhiti rinogara riri G.

Nekuda kwekutsunga kwaG, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuverenga huwandu hwePasi. Achiziva dhayamita rayo, simba rekukwezva kwePasi, uye G-value yepedyo, Cavendish akaita nhamba idzi. Migumisiro yacho inoshamisa.

Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvehuwandu hwePasi uye maitiro ayo.