Waizviziva here kuti pane mapoinzi ekutenderera kwechinhu chakatenderedza chimwe chinhu kwatinogona kuisa satellite kana chimwe mutumbi wemudenga unokwanisa kutsvedza pamusoro pacho uye kuramba uri muchadenga, nguva dzose uri chinhambwe chimwe kubva pazvinhu zviviri izvi? Izvi zvinozivikanwa se Lagrangian points Uye dzinobatsira kupfuura zvawaifunga.
Naizvozvo, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze izvo Lagrange mapoinzi, maitiro avo uye kukosha kwavo.
Chii chinonzi Lagrange points?
Lagrange points chiratidzo chekudenga mechanics. Vanogamuchira zita ravo mukukudza nyanzvi yemasvomhu yeFrance Joseph-Louis Lagrange, uyo akavawana uye akadzidza zvakadzama muzana remakore rechiXNUMX. Aya mapoinzi akakosha anowanikwa muhurongwa hwakaumbwa nemitumbi miviri inotenderera muviri wechitatu, senge nyika nemwedzi wayo, kana nyika neZuva.
Fungidzira kuti une miviri miviri, imwe yakakura kupfuura imwe, inotenderera panzvimbo yepakati, seZuva.Zvakanaka, mapoinzi eLagrange inzvimbo dzakanangana mukugadziriswa uku uko giravhiti remiviri miviri inoyera zvakaenzana.nzira yakakosha. Mune mamwe mazwi, panguva idzi, simba recentrifugal uye simba rinokwevera rakaenzana, uye izvi zvinogadzira rudzi rwe "nzvimbo yekuzorora" munzvimbo.
Asi pfungwa idzi dziri papi chaizvo? Zvakanaka, kune mashanu Lagrange mapoinzi pamwero, akaverengerwa L1 kusvika L5. Point L1 iri pakati pemiviri miviri iri mu orbit, pamutsetse mumwechete wekufungidzira unovabatanidza. Point L2, kune chikamu chayo, iri pamutsetse mumwechete, asi kune rimwe divi reL1. Mapoinzi L3, L4 neL5 anoumba gonyonhatu yakaenzana ine miviri miviri iri mu orbit, neL3 iri poindi yakatarisana nemuviri mukuru, uye L4 neL5 iri kumberi nekuseri kwemuviri uyu zvakateerana.
Tsananguro yakadzama
L1
Kuva pedyo kwechinhu kuzuva (kana kuzvinhu zvayakakomberedza), ndiko kukurumidza kwachinofamba. Neiyi nzira, masatelliti ane maobhiti madiki pane anotenderera ePasi achasvika kuPasi nekukurumidza. Zvisinei, kana tikaisa pakati, Simba rinokwevera pasi rinonangidzirwa kune rimwe divi kune simba rinokwevera zvinhu reZuva, richibvisa kumwe kusunda kweZuva, kuita kuti itenderere nekumhanya zvishoma. Kana daro racho rakarurama, setiraiti ichafamba zvishoma nezvishoma kuti irambe yakamira pakati penyika nezuva. Iyi ndiyo L1 poindi ichashandiswa kutarisa pamusoro peZuva, sezvo jets kubva ipapo richisvika L1 awa risati rasvika pasi redu.
L2
Izvo zvakafanana zvakaitika kuL1 zviri kuitika kune rimwe divi rePasi, kupfuura orbit yedu. ORChitundumuseremusere chakaiswa ipapo chaizova kure nezuva kupfuura zvatiri uye zvaizoguma zvasarira shure., asi padaro rakarurama pesvedzero yezuva yaizowedzera kune iyo yapasi, ichiparira masatellite kutenderera pasi.
L3
L3 iri kudivi rekure kwezuva, zvishoma kuseri kwekutenderera kwepasi redu. Zvinhu zviri muL3 hazvigone kucherechedzwa kubva kuPasi. Kutaura zvazviri, pfungwa iyi inowanzoshandiswa mungano dzesainzi kutsvaga mapuraneti anogovera kutenderera kwedu. Izvi hazvina kugadzikana pane L1 kana L2. Chero kukanganisa kuchaita kuti chitundumuseremusere, setiraiti, kana probe itange kusuduruka kubva pairi, zvichida kugara uchishandiswa kweinjini kuti dzigare munzvimbo yakakodzera. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti mamwe mapuraneti ari pedyo nenzvimbo iyoyo kupfuura pasi redu. Semuyenzaniso, Venus inopfuura 50 km kubva panzvimbo L000 mwedzi yese ye000.
L4 uye L5
Mapoinzi L4 neL5 anowanikwa 60 madhigirii kumberi nekuseri kwePasi sezvinoonekwa kubva kuZuva, pedyo nekutenderera kweNyika. Kusiyana nevamwe vese, L4 uye L5 inopokana zvakanyanya kune chero kukanganisa kwegiravhiti. Nechikonzero ichi, guruva uye asteroid zvinhu zvinowanzo kuunganidza munzvimbo idzi.
Kukosha kweLagrange points
Aya maLagrange mapoinzi inzvimbo dzakakosha nekuti chero chinhu chidiki chakaiswa pazviri chinoramba chakagadzikana maererano neiyo miviri inotenderera miviri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti setiraiti kana chitundumuseremusere chinogona kugara pane imwe yenzvimbo idzi pasina kugara chichishandisa ma thrusters. Ichi ndicho chikonzero Lagrange inonongedza dzinofarira zvikuru kuongorora muchadenga uye kuiswa kwemasatelliti muchadenga.
Pamusoro pekushandisa kwavo kunoshanda, mapoinzi eLagrange anewo kukosha kweiyo theoretical mukudzidza kwemakanika ekudenga uye simba rehurongwa hwemitumbi inotenderera. Kuwana kwavo uye kunzwisisa kwakatibvumira kuva nechiono chakakwana uye chakanyatsojeka chekufamba kwenyeredzi muchadenga.
Iko kukosha chaiko kweLagrange mapoinzi inodarika yavo chete inoshanda yekushandisa mukuongorora nzvimbo uye satellite kuiswa. Aya mapoinzi anomiririra hwindo rinonakidza mukunzwisisa kwemaitiro eane simba masisitimu ari muchadenga uye anotibvumira kudzidza zviitiko zvakaoma mumunda wefizikisi yedenga.
Zvishandiso uye maitiro
Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa mashandisirwo eLagrange mapoinzi ndiko kugadzikana kweanotenderera satellite. Nekuisa satellite pane imwe yeaya mapoinzi, tinogona kuichengeta yakamira maererano nePasi kana chero imwe mutumbi uri muhurongwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune Earth Observation missions, uko nzvimbo yakatarwa inodiwa kuti uwane yakadzama mifananidzo yenzvimbo yakati kwenguva yakareba.
Uye zvakare, iyo Lagrange mapoinzi anopawo mukana wekumisikidza "mapoka enyeredzi" ema satellite mu orbit akatenderedza muviri wedenga. Aya mapoka enyeredzi anogona kushandiswa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinangwa, senge kutaurirana kwepasi rose, kuongorora mamiriro ekunze, kuongorora nyeredzi uye kuongorora nzvimbo. Nekugovera ma satellite munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeLagrange, tinokwanisa kukwidziridza kuvharika uye kugona kwemamishini edu emuchadenga.
Imwe nharaunda iyo iyo yakakosha zvikuru iri mukuferefeta uye kuongororwa kweasteroids uye comets. Aya mapoinzi anoshanda senzvimbo dzehunyanzvi dzekuwana maprobe emuchadenga anoshuvira kudzidza aya mitumbi yedenga zvakadzama. Nekugara panzvimbo yeLagrange padhuze neasteroid kana kometi, maprobes anogona kuongorora kuumbwa kwayo, chimiro uye maitiro pasina kudiwa kwekushandisa mafuta akawanda kuchengetedza kutenderera kwakagadzikana.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Lagrange mapoinzi, maitiro avo uye mashandisiro.