Maumbirwo emhepo yepasi

Kana nyika iri kure zvakanyanya kana kuti iri padyo zvakanyanya neZuva, zvinonetsa kwazvo kuti ive nemweya wakakora zvakakwana kutsigira hupenyu. Iyo yakakomberedza Nyika, imba yedu, ndeye gaseous rukoko ndiani akabvumira izvozvo kuti zviitike. Parizvino, hapana imwe nyika yakawanikwa inogona "kuzvirumbidza" kuva nevagari vanogara mukati mayo.

Asi, Chii chiri chimiro chemuchadenga wepasi uye nei chakakosha kudaro?

Maumbirwo emhepo yepasi

Iyo gaseous kuumbwa kwemuchadenga kwakachinja zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro pemamirioni emakore sekushanduka kwenzvimbo yepasi. Parizvino, magasi matatu, nitrogen, oxygen uye argon, inoumba 99,95% yeiyo mhepo yemuchadenga; yeaya, nitrogen uye argon ndeye geochemically inert uye kamwe yakaburitswa mumhepo inogara imomo; okisijeni, kune rumwe rutivi, inoshanda chaizvo uye huwandu hwayo hunotsanangurwa nekumhanyisa kwemaitiro anobatanidza mudenga dhipoziti yemahara okisijeni pamwe neyekuderedza dhipoziti inowanikwa mumatombo sedimentary.

Izvo zvakasara zvemweya zviripo mune zvidiki zvidiki zvekuti kukosheswa kwavo kunowanzo kuratidzwa muzvikamu pamiriyoni nevhoriyamu. Izvo zvinotevera:

• Neon: 20,2
• Hélio: 4,0
• Methane: 16,0
• Krypton: 83,8
• Hydrogen: 2,0
• Xenon: 131,3
• Ozone: 48,0
• Iodine: 126,9
• Radon: 222,0
• Carbon dioxide: 44
• Mvura yemvura: 18

Aya magasi anoonekwa muzvikamu zvakati wandei kusvika kumatunhu ari padyo kusvika 80 km, ndosaka achinzi anogara zvachose. Nekudaro, iro rakakosha basa mune mamiriro ekunze zviitiko zvinowira pamagesi akasarudzika, kunyanya mweya wemvura, carbon dioxide, ozone uye maaerosols.

Mvura yemvura

Mhute yemvura ndiyo gasi rinoumbika kana mvura ichibva pane mvura ichienda kune gasi. Icho chiri chemberi chikamu chemazhinji emamiriro ekunze, inoshanda kupisa kupisa mumiririri uye thermal regulator.

Carbon dioxide

Iyo isina gasi, isina hwema gasi iyo yakakosha kuti kuve nehupenyu paPasi, sezvo iri iyo huru inotungamira kune izvo zvinonzi izvo greenhouse effect. Parizvino, kuwedzera kwekubuda kweiyi gasi kuri kukonzera kuwedzera kwekushisa.

Ozone

Iyi ndiyo yega gasi remuchadenga iro Inotora dzinenge dzose rezuva ultraviolet mwaranzi uye nekudaro inoita hamvuropu inodzivirira isina hupenyu hwepasi pano hungaparadzwa.

Aerosol anopfapfaidza

Ivo vane simba rakakosha pakujeka kwemhepo uye vanoita mabasa akakosha pamamiriro ekunze, zvakanyanya nekuita se condensation nuclei kubva uko makore nemhute zvinoumbwa, kunyangwe dzimwe nguva zviri izvo zvinokonzeresa zvakakomba zviyero zvekushatiswa kwemhepo kana kwavo kwakanyanya.

Matanho emhepo yepasi

Denga remhepo rakakamurwa kuita mativi mashanu. Iyo inonyorova pamusoro, asi kuwanda kwayo kunodzikira nekukwirira kusvikira yadzikira muchadenga.

• Troposphere: Ndihwo hwaro hwekutanga uye ndipo patinozviwana isu. Ndipo zvakare panowanikwa mamiriro ekunze. Iyo inowanikwa pasi pevhu kusvika pa10km yekukwira.
• Stratosphere: Kana iwe wakambokwira ndege yejeti, wakazviita kusvika pano. Iyo ozone layer ichawanikwawo mune ino dura. Iyo iri pakati pe10km uye 50km yekukwira.
• Mesosphere: inova ndiyo "meteorite" inopiswa "nekuparadzwa. Iyo iri pakati pe50 uye 80km yekukwira.
• Thermosphere: uko kwakajeka mwenje yekuchamhembe inoumbwa. Ikoko zvakare kunowanikwa nzvimbo dzechadenga. Iyo iri pakati pe80 uye 500km yekukwira.
• Exosphere: inova iyo yekunze uye isina kuenzana dense iyo inoguma ichisanganiswa nenzvimbo yekunze. Iyo iri pakati pe500 ne10.000 km yekukwirira angangoita.

Mamiriro ekunze uye kudziya kwepasirese

Kubva Kubvandudzwa kweindasitiri, hunhu hwaramba huchiwedzera kuwedzera kuburitswa kwemweya we greenhouse uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa mumhepo, izvo zvakakonzera kuti tembiricha yepasi rose isimuke. 0'6ºC. Zvinogona kutaridzika kunge zvidiki, asi chokwadi ndechekuti zvakaringana kufadza kuumbwa kwezviitiko zvinowedzera zvine simba zvemamiriro ekunze, angave madutu, chamupupuri kana kusanaya kwemvura.

Asi nei ichi chichiita sechisingakoshi kuwedzera kuri kukanganisa hupenyu paPasi zvakanyanya? Huye, kudziya kwepasi kuri kukonzera kuti makungwa adziye, uye panguva ino kuita acidize. Makungwa anodziya anogona 'kufudza' madutu anoparadza. Zvakare, chando chiri munzvimbo dzepolar chiri kunyungudika. Iyo chando inonyungudika inofanira kuenda kumwe kunhu, uyezve inoenda kugungwa, kukonzera kuwedzera kwayo mwero.

Kunze kwekunge matanho akatorwa kudzikisira kusvibiswa kwegesi, ku pakupera kwezana kwezana tembiricha inogona kukwira madigiri maviri, Sezvo zvishoma.

Nekudaro, tinotarisira kuti zvave kukubatsira uye kuti zvichazokuitira nyore kubva zvino kuti uone matunhu akasiyana .