El volcano tonga iyo yakaputika muna Ndira 15, 2022, iri makiromita makumi matatu kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweFonuafoʻou, chitsuwa chiri chikamu chenyika yeTonga. Musi wa30 January, nyika yechitsuwa cheTonga muPacific Ocean yakatanga kuputika. Yambiro yetsunami yakapihwa kuSamoa, New Zealand, Australia, Baja California, US West Coast, Japan, Peru neChile nekuda kwekuputika kwegomo repasi pemvura, iro rakakonzera tsunami yakakanganisa zvitsuwa zvenyika iyi neFiji coast.
Isu tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve kuputika kwegomo reTonga, ndeapi maitiro uye mhedzisiro yaro.
volcano background
Mushure mekunge gomo racho ramboti zii kubva muna 2014, Hunga Tonga yakaputika musi wa20 Zvita 2021, ichitumira zvidimbu mu stratosphere, zvichiperekedzwa nedota hombe rinoonekwa kubva kuNuku'alofa, guta guru reTonga, anenge makiromita makumi manomwe kubva pagomo rinoputika. Iyo Volcanic Ash Alert Center (VAAC) muWellington, New Zealand, yakapa yambiro kune vendege kuti kuputika kwakanzwika makiromita zana (100 makiromita) kure. Kuputika kwekutanga kwakapera muna Zvita 21 pamaawa 0200. Kuputika kwemakomo kwakapfuurira, uye pakasvika December 25, chitsuwa chacho chakanga chawedzera ukuru pamifananidzo yesatellite. Nekuita kwakaderedzwa pachitsuwa, chakanzi hachishande muna Ndira 11, 2022.
Kuputika kukuru kwekutanga kwakanyorwa muna Ndira 14, 2022, kuchitumira gore remadota makiromita makumi maviri kumusoro mumhepo. Kuputika kwacho kwainzwika kwemakumi emakiromita kwakaitenderedza, zvichikonzera nyevero kubva kuvakuru venzvimbo. Vagari vomuFiji vakatsanangura ruzha rwakaita sokutinhira. Kuputika kwakanzwika muNorth Island yeNew Zealand uye kumhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva kweAustralia. Muchadenga, masetiraiti ari kupararira muPacific akakwanisa kutora koromo yakakura kwazvo inoputika nemafungu ekuvhundutsa.
kuputika kwegomo reTonga
Kuputika uku kwakakonzera mirairo yekubuda pamhenderekedzo yeTonga, pamwe nezvitsuwa zvakati wandei zveSouth Pacific, paine mifananidzo pasocial media inoratidza masaisai achirovera padzimba dzemahombekombe. Mitsetse yenhare neinternet yakadimburwawo. Kuputika kwegomo reTonga kwakaratidza kushanda muna Zvita, asi iri rakanga risingaenzaniswi: raiva nesimba rakapetwa kanomwe.
Gomo rinoputika rakaburitsa chiutsi, gasi, uye dota kusvika paurefu hwemakiromita makumi maviri uye nharaunda yemakiromita 20. Madota akatosvika kudzimbahwe, Nuku'alofa, uye maererano nezvimwe zvapupu, ruzha rwekuputika kwacho runogona kunzwika kure nemazana emakiromita munzvimbo dziri kure dzakadai seFiji kana kuti zvitsuwa zveVanuatu. Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai yakatotanga mabasa ayo mukupera kwa2021.
Iyo GOES West satellite yeNational Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) yakagovera mifananidzo yakatorwa mudunhu pawebhusaiti yayo yepamutemo. Akatsanangura kuti kuwedzera kwegomba remadota uye masaisai anokwevera anogona kuonekwa muzvinyorwa. Inopa zvakare inooneka "tsvuku" yebhendi mifananidzo, ichipa iyo yakadzama kugadzirisa kwechero satellite yepamusoro yekutanga yemifananidzo.
kugadzirwa kwetsunami
Tsunami yakakonzerwa nekuputika kwegomo repasi pegungwa kubva kuTonga yakarova mahombekombe ekumadokero eUnited States neCanada neMugovera, nemafungu aipfuura mamita matatu pakureba pane imwe nguva uye achikonzera mafashamo madiki munzvimbo dzeCalifornia.
Mafungu akanyorwa kusvika kure kubva pa7 centimita muAlameda (California) kusvika masendimita makumi maviri nemana muPort St. Louis, anenge makiromita 24 kuchamhembe kweLos Angeles mudunhu rimwe chete., maererano nesevhisi yeNOAA. Mhedzisiro iyi yakauya kunyangwe mahombekombe eCalifornia ari angangoita 8.700 makiromita (5.400 mamaira) kubva kuSouth Pacific chitsuwa chenyika yeTonga, uko kwakaitika kuputika. Mhenderekedzo yePacific yeJapan yakarwiswa kutanga kweSvondo ino.
Akataura kuti tsunami yakakonzera "mafashamo akareruka" muSanta Cruz, California, mabhichi akavharwa uye vanhu vakabviswa munzvimbo dzekutengesa dziri pedyo nemhenderekedzo, kunyangwe pasina akamanikidzwa kubva mudzimba dzavo.
MuBerkeley, Calif. vanhu vanenge 110 vakadzingwa muzvikepe nezviteshi mumhenderekedzo yegungwa; Mazhinji emahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba kwedunhu akavharwa nekuda kwechenjedzo, nzvimbo yekubuda Berkeleyside yakashuma.
Maawa mushure mekunge sevhisi yapa yambiro yetsunami kuHawaii, nyevero yetsunami yakamiswa mushure mekuzivisa kuti mafungu ehukuru uhu haana kuitika muUS Pacific Islands. Pane kudaro, NOAA inochengetedza yambiro nezve tsunami kuCalifornia, Oregon, Washington neAlaska, zvakare. sekuBritish Columbia, Canada.
Chilean Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOA) yakasimbisa kuti masaisai makuru akanzwika mumamwe maguta ari kuchamhembe kwenyika, akadai seIquique neAtacama, uko mafashamo maduku akaitika.
Kukuvadzwa kwegomo reTonga
Kuputika kune simba kwegomo riri pasi pemvura muTonga, rine simba zvikuru raionekwa kubva muchadenga uye richinzwika muPacific Ocean, gungwa gurusa repasi rose, kwakauraya vanenge vanhu vaviri muPeru kune rumwe rutivi rwemvura idzodzo, uye nyevero yetsunami yakanga rakabudiswa. yakatanga kubva kuJapan kuenda kumhenderekedzo yekumadokero kweUnited States, nekuburitswa kubva kuChile kuenda kuAustralia. Asi kuparadza kukuru kwakanyorwa muTonga, umambo hwezvitsuwa zviduku 170 zvine vagari vanenge 105.000 XNUMX muSouth Pacific.
Zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze akati wandei zveCatalan zvinogona kurekodha shanduko mumhepo yemhepo. Imwe yacho iFabra Observatory muBarcelona, ane maneja Alfons Puertas akarekodha pasocial network anomalies mune zvekumanikidza zvinyorwa zveCatalan capital mushure mekuputika kwechisimba, chiitiko chimwe chete chakarekodhwa panzvimbo yekucherechedza yeSelvi Meteorological Observatory. . Catalonia (Meteocat). Kuvhundutsa kwefungu kubva pakuputika kwakanyorwa pakati peMugovera manheru uye mambakwedza eSvondo mangwanani, apo mhepo yemuchadenga yakangoerekana yachinja.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu munogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuputika kwegomo reTonga.