MunaNovember 1904, kudonha kukuru kwechando kwakanyorwa muzvinyorwa zvemamiriro ekunze kwakaitika muguta reMadrid, zvose munguva (kubva munaNovember 27, 1904) uye mukufukidzwa kwechando. Anopfuura makore maviri gare gare, muna February 1907, kumwe kudonha kwechando kwakasimba kwakarova guta guru reSpain, kuchisiya zviratidzo zvakafanana uye kuchikonzera zvinetso zvakawanda, kunyange zvazvo muna November 1904 kwakanga kune kuwedzera kukuru kwechifukidziro chechando. The great kunaya kwechando kweMadrid muna 1904 yakasiya mucherechedzo wayo uye, nanhasi, haisati yambopfuura Filomena.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro pekunaya kwechando kweMadrid muna 1904.
Kunaya kukuru kwechando muMadrid muna 1904
Aya ndiwo matauriro anoita Inocencio Font Tullot mubhuku rake "Historia del clima de España" (INM, 1988): "MuMadrid, kubva muna Mbudzi 27 kusvika 30, 1904, kwakanaya chando chakanyanya, nechando chakareba kusvika mita kukora mukati. mumapaki, nzvimbo dzemitambo uye munzira dzekufamba."
Kudonha kwechando kusina kujairika hakuna mubvunzo. Pamusoro pekuwana marekodhi akakodzera, Central Institute of Meteorology (ICM) [ikozvino AEMET], iyo yakazowanikwa muchivakwa chekare shongwe yemagetsi (“El Castillo”) muParque del Retiro, yakasimbisawo kuti basa rayo rakajairika. zvakakonzerwa nekunaya kwechando chakanyanya. Kudonha kwemitsara yakawanda yeteregirafu muguta guru kwakadzivirira data rakawanda raigamuchirwa ipapo zuva rega rega kubva pakusvika nenguva.
MuDaily Meteorological Bulletin kubva munaNovember 27 kusvika 30, 1904, Augusto Arcimís, Mutungamiriri weICM, akanyora neruoko rwake munzvimbo yakatsaurirwa "kunogoneka mamiriro ekunze" (kufanotaura): Zviziviso zvinofanirwa kupihwa". Mukuwedzera kuna ikoku, murugwaro rwezuva nezuva runorondedzera mugariro wavose we(mamiriro okunze), Arcimís akasimbisa zvinetso izvo sinou. akauya nebasa rake pachake uye haana kukwanisa kushambadza ad nenguva sezvaidiwa. Dutu racho rakasvika kuGulf of Cadiz, rakabaya mhepo yakanyorova, uye rakasangana nechando chepolar chakange chawira peninsula nezuro wacho.
kwainge kwaita chando
Sezvatakambotaura, kunaya kwechando kwakatanga uye kwakapfuurira pana 27 (nekumwe kudzongonyedzwa uko kwakanaya) kusvikira kuna 30. Kuvapo kwedutu rakadzika reAtlantic richibva kuMadeira richisvika kuGulf of Cádiz uye gare gare richiyambuka English Channel neAlberland. area ndicho chakakonzera mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka sezvo kwainaya sinou zvakanyanya muMadrid uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemukati mepeninsular. Akawana mhepo inotonhora kubva pamatanda akanga agara paIberian Peninsula mazuva asati asvika chando, sezvavanotaura, yaiva mamiriro ezvinhu ebhuku, muguta guru rakanyura chando kwemaawa 32, nehupamhi hwechando kubva pa70 kusvika ku150 centimita. zvichienderana nenharaunda, ichiomesa zvachose guta.
mapepanhau nenhau
Zvinyorwa zvakadhindwa mumapepanhau epanguva iyoyo zvinopupurira nokutendeka ukuru uye kushamisa kwekunaya kwechando ikoko. Muchinyorwa chemanheru cheEl Grafico, musi weChitatu, November 30, 1904, zvinotevera zvinorava: «Kumuka nemvura, na10 mangwanani mvura yakashanduka kuva sinou. Kuwedzera kukuvadza kune mitsara yetelegraph uye tram tambo. Mapango ese kubva kuPorto Toledo kuenda kuCalabanchel Alto akadonha. Kutenderera kweTram kunoramba kuchivhiringwa munzvimbo dzakawanda.
Imwe yemishumo yakakwana pamusoro pekudonha kwechando yakabuda mupepanhau "El Imparcial" musi weChina, December 1, 1904. Tinonyora pasi pendima yekutanga yenhoroondo, sezvo inonyatsoratidza matambudziko makuru ayo chando chakakonzera muguta guru reSpain.
“Hakuna kunaya kwechando muMadrid kunorangarirwa sekuwanda kana kurebesa kwatiri kusangana nako. Somugumisiro, hupenyu muMadrid hwakakanganiswa. Iko hakuna zvitima, tramu kana mota; migwagwa uye nzira dzakafukidzwa nechando chehafu yemamita gobvu uye kufamba kune ngozi uye kunonoka. Kupihwa kwemisika kunoitwa nekunetsekana, uye kana njanji kana mota dzinounza zvinhu kubva kumataundi ari pedyo dzinogona kupa basa ravo rekutyaira. Mabasa ese anoitwa pachena akamiswa uye zviuru zvevashandi hazvina basa.
Chitarisiko chevanhu chinosuruvarisa uye chakaparara. Migwagwa inenge yakasurukirwa, zvitoro zvakawanda zvakavharwa, macafe haana kunyanya kuwanda, mitambo yemitambo yakamiswa nezuro, kutaurirana parunhare kwakakanganiswa, vagari vazhinji vakavharirwa mudzimba dzavo... Madrid inotanga mwedzi wekupedzisira wegore se taundi rakafa uye rakavigwa pasi pematombo makuru emabhura.
Gravure yakadhindwa yakanga ichiri mudiki panguva iyoyo, saka pakanga pasina mifananidzo yakawanda yekudonha kwechando kana vanhu vaigadzira manhamba. Pakanga pasina mifananidzo yaMambo Alfonso XIII mumazuva iwayo, asi mazuva mashoma gare gare, muna Zvita 8, Mufananidzo wake mumotokari yake itsva wakaonekwa, wakabudiswa nemagazini yeNyika Itsva.
Magazini imwe chete iyoyo yakabudisawo mapikicha ekunaya kwechando munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeguta zuva iroro, kusanganisira chifananidzo chechando chakagadzirwa nevanhu munguva yakapfuura pakati pepeji. Panyaya iyi, ndiye mukadzi anoremekedzwa.
Mushure mekutaura kuti kwave kuine sinou isingamire kwemaawa makumi matatu nemaviri, uye kuti jira jena rasvika kupfuura mamita munzvimbo dzakadai sePlaza Colón, Mundo Nuevo inorondedzera kumwe kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nechando, sekuvhurwa kwemakomba mumigwagwa yeimwe nzira uye National Books Chii chakaitika ne pavilion, masitepisi akave marongero echando.
Nevada yeMadrid muna 1904 uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo ekudziya kwepasi, zvakaoma, kana zvisingaiti, kuti Madrid iwanezve mazaya echando akakura kudaro. Kunyangwe kukwira kuri kuita tembiricha chiri chokwadi chisingarambiki, uye zvese zvinoratidza kuti zvichaenderera mberi kwemakumi mashoma emakore anotevera, mukana wemamiriro ekunze akafanana neakaitika pakupera kwaNovember 1904 haugone kurambwa chero nguva. .Panguva iyoyo, mikana yokunaya kwechando chakanyanya muMadrid yakanga yakakura kudarika zvayava iye zvino, asi tichitarisa kutenderera kuchangobva kuitika kwemhepo mumhepo munzvimbo dzedu, tinogona kusangana nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekunaya kukuru kwechando muMadrid muna 1904.