Kubva zvakatanga kuongororwa zvinhu zvakasikwa, munhu anga achitsvaga nyika yakafanana neyedu. Kwete chete maitiro, asi munzvimbo ine ruremekedzo kune nyeredzi yayo kuitira kuti ive munzvimbo inogarika. Kusvikira nhasi, iyo exoplanet Kepler 442b ndiyo yega ine hunhu hunodiwa kuti tikwanise kugashira hupenyu sezvatinohuziva paNyika.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti ndeapi maitiro anoita kuti exoplanet Kepler 442b ive yakasiyana uye kuti yakakosha sei kwatiri.
Kepler 442b
Hapana yePasi-senge exoplanets inozivikanwa kuti inogona kugarika ine mamiriro akakodzera ekutsigira hupenyu sezvatinozviziva pano Panyika. Iyo ine yakapfuma biosphere yezvirimwa, tupukanana nemhuka. Imwe chete, Kepler 442b, yave pedyo nekugamuchira mwaranzi yenyeredzi inodiwa kuchengetedza biosphere yakakura.
Exoplanets mapuraneti anotenderera nyeredzi kunze kwezuva redu uye nekudaro haasi chikamu chesolar system yedu.
Tsvagiridzo, yakaburitswa muMonthly Notices yeRoyal Astronomical Society, yakaongorora mamiriro akakosha eiyo oxygen-based photosynthesis. Ongororo iyi inobata gumi-sepasi-seexoplanets ehuremu hunozivikanwa hunotenderera mukati meiyo inonzi inogoneka nzvimbo yakatenderedza nyeredzi dzadzo.
Nzvimbo inogarika inzvimbo yakatenderedza nyeredzi uko tembiricha inokodzera zvakakwana kuti mvura yemvura ivepo. Chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa kuvepo kwehupenyu sezvatinoziva paPasi. Nekudaro, tsvakiridzo nenyanzvi dzenyeredzi paYunivhesiti yeNaples muItaly akaona kuti kungova munzvimbo inogarwa hakuna kukwana.
Photosynthesis inodikanwa, iyo inobvumira kune yakaoma biosphere yakafanana neiyo inowanikwa paNyika. Uye kuti muitiro unokosha wokushandura chiedza kuva zvinhu zvakasiana-siana zvezvirimwa uye mamwe utachiona kuti zviitike, mwero wakati wechiedza chezuva unodiwa. Pamusoro pekugadzira okisijeni sechigadzirwa. Havasi nyeredzi dzose dzinogona kuita izvi. Photosynthesis inoita mutsauko pakati peexoplanets nePasi.
Mugwara redu renyeredzi, nhamba yemapuraneti akasimbiswa inokwana zviuru. Nekudaro, chidzidzo ichi chinocherekedza kuti mapuraneti epasi nemapuraneti munzvimbo inogarwa hazviwanzo.
rocky exoplanets
Parizvino, kune vashoma chete vanozivikanwa vane matombo uye vanogona kugara exoplanets. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti hapana chimwe cheaya maexoplanets ane mamiriro edzidziso kuchengetedza Pasi-senge biosphere kuburikidza ne "oxygenated" photosynthesis. Muchina unoshandiswa nezvirimwa paPasi kushandura chiedza uye kabhoni dhaikisaidhi kuita okisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri.
Imwe chete yemapuraneti aya inosvika pedyo nekugamuchira nyeredzi yemwaranzi inodiwa kutsigira yakakura biosphere: Kepler 442b. A rocky exoplanet inenge kaviri kukura kwePasi inotenderera nyeredzi zvine mwero inopisa anenge 1.200 chiedza-makore kure muboka renyeredzi Lyra.
Chidzidzo chacho chakaitwa pamuenzaniso muduku zvikuru wemapuraneti aya. Asi nyanzvi dzemitumbi yomudenga dzinoziva zvakaringanira pamusoro pezvimiro zvenyeredzi muboka redu renyeredzi kuti vafungidzire kuti migariro yakarurama nokuda kwoupenyu hune simba rephotosynthesis ingava isingawanzoitiki. Nyeredzi zhinji dziri muGwara renzou dzinozivikanwa semared dwarfs. Dzakanyanya kutonhora kuti dziite photosynthetic chiitiko pamapuraneti ari pedyo.
“Red dwarfs imhando yenyeredzi inonyanya kuzivikanwa muboka redu renyeredzi. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti mamiriro akaita sePasi pane mamwe mapuraneti anogona kushomeka kupfuura zvataitarisira," akadaro Muzvinafundo Giovanni Covone, munyori anotungamira wechidzidzo ichi. Semuyenzaniso, Panyeredzi makumi matatu dziri pedyo neZuva, makumi maviri dzinonzi dzakatsvuka.
zvidzidzo zve exoplanets
Zvidzidzo zveexoplanets zvakaratidza kuti nyeredzi dzinopisa kupfuura zuva redu hadzina kukodzerawo kufanana nePasi.
Nyeredzi dzinopenya dzinowanzotsva nekukasira. Kunyange zvazvo dzaikwanisa kubudisa mwaranzi ye<em>photosynthetically active (PAR) yakakwana kuti itange basa rakadaro panyika ine mvura ne<em>carbon, zvimwe dzaizofa upenyu hupi nohupi hwakaoma husati hwavapo pazviri.
«Ichi chidzidzo chinoisa zvipingamupinyi zvakasimba pane parameter nzvimbo yehupenyu hwakaoma. Nehurombo, iyo 'nzvimbo inotapira' kune yakapfuma yepasi biosphere hairatidzike kunge yakakura kudaro," Covone akawedzera.
Vazivi venyeredzi vakawana zviuru zvemaexoplanets muMilky Way. Asi vanoziva zvishoma nezvavo. Nekudaro, masayendisiti anoti zvinoita sezvisina kujairika kuwana mapuraneti ane matombo, akafanana nePasi munzvimbo inogarwa umo mvura ingavepo.
Mamisheni emangwana, akadai seJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST), yakarongwa kuvhurwa gare gare gore rino, inogona kuratidza zvakawanda nezvenyika dziri kure dzakatenderedza dzimwe nyeredzi uye mukana wehupenyu hwakaoma padziri.
Hunhu hwenyama hweKepler 442b
Kepler 442b iguru-Earth, exoplanet ine muhombe uye radius yakakura kupfuura Earth asi idiki pane hofori dzeaizi Uranus neNeptune. Iine tembiricha yakaenzana ye233 K (-40 °C). Nekuda kwe radius yayo, ingangove inyika ine matombo ine pasi yakasimba. Huremu hwe exoplanet iyi hunofungidzirwa kuve 2,36 M. Tichingofunga kuti dombo rakaumbwa rakafanana nerePasi, Kepler 442b's surface gravity ingave 30% yakasimba kudarika yePasi.
Nyeredzi yainotenderera ine huremu hwe 0,61 M uye radius ye 0,60 R. Iine tembiricha ye4402 K uye inenge 2.900 bhiriyoni yemakore, zvichienderana nekumwe kusava nechokwadi. Kana tichienzanisa, Zuva rine 4600 bhiriyoni yemakore uye ine tembiricha ye5778 K. Nyeredzi yakati simbi isina kusimba ine metallicity (Fe/H) ye -0,37 uye 43% yesimba rezuva. Kupenya kwaro i12% yezuva.
Hukuru hunooneka hwenyeredzi, kana kupenya kwainoita kubva pakuona kwePasi, i14,76. Nokudaro, kwakasviba zvikuru kuti usaonekwe neziso.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve exoplanet Kepler 442b uye maitiro ayo.